Principios y valores filosóficos, jurídicos y políticos de las Constitución de Cádiz de 1812
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2017
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12/01/2016
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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La revolución política de Cádiz se encuentra en medio de toda una cultura política ilustrada que hereda el discurso característico del Siglo de las luces y que se asienta en el pacto social, la soberanía popular, el laicismo y las libertades modernas. La España de las Cortes de Cádiz no había perdido de vista la vinculación reformista de su propia cultura en orden a la creación, reforma, destrucción y apropiación de viejos y nuevos mitos. Los mas significados constituyentes de Cádiz conocían la labor intelectual de la Escuela de Salamanca: Francisco de Vitoria, Domingo de Soto, Luis de Alcalá, Martin Azpilicueta, Tomas de Mercado, Luis de Molina, Juan de Mariana o Francisco Suarez, todos ellos naturalistas y moralistas que trataron de reconciliar la doctrina de Santo Tomás con el nuevo orden social y económico. La Escuela de Salamanca había reformulado el concepto de Derecho natural, concluyendo que todos los hombres comparten la misma naturaleza y consecuentemente también comparten los mismos derechos como el de igualdad o el de libertad y también habían reformulado su concepción sobre la soberanía. Para la Escuela de la Salamanca el pueblo es el receptor de la soberanía, el cual la transmite al príncipe gobernante. Los hombres nacen libres por su propia naturaleza y no son siervos de otro hombre pudiendo obedecer e incluso imponerse hacia un gobernante. Para Suarez, el poder político de la sociedad es contractual en su origen porque la comunidad se forma por el consenso de voluntades libres. Desde otra cultura aparece ya en el siglo XVII la fundamentación del liberalismo como corriente filosófica y política atribuyéndose a John Locke la condición de ser el fundador del liberalismo moderno articulando una ideología sobre la base del concepto de los derechos naturales y el contrato social para sostener que el imperio de la ley debe sustituir al absolutismo del Gobierno y considerar que los ciudadanos tienen el derecho fundamental a la vida, a la libertad y a la propiedad...
The political revolution of Cadiz is in the midst of a whole political illustrated culture that inherits the characteristic speech from the Age of Enlightenment and is based on the social contract, popular sovereignty, secularism and modern freedoms. The Spain of the Cortes of Cadiz had not lost sight of the reformist links of its own culture with regards to the creation, alteration, destruction and appropriation of old and new myths. Most constituents meanings of Cadiz knew the intellectual work of the School of Salamanca: Francisco de Vitoria, Domingo de Soto, Luis de Alcalá, Martin Azpilicueta, Tomas de Mercado, Luis de Molina, Juan de Mariana and Francisco Suarez, all naturalists and moralists who sought to reconcile the doctrine of St. Thomas with the new social and economic order. The School of Salamanca had re-formulated the concept of natural law, concluding that all men share the same nature and consequently also share the same rights as equality or freedom and had reformulated their conception of sovereignty. To the School of Salamanca the people is the recipient of sovereignty, which transmits the ruling prince. Men are born free by nature and are not servants of another man they can obey and even to impose a ruler. For Suarez, the political power of society is contractual in origin because the community is formed by the consensus of free wills. From another culture, the foundation of liberalism, as a philosophical and political power, is already attributed, in the seventeenth century, to John Locke's status as the founder of modern liberalism articulating an ideology based on the concept of natural rights and social contract to maintain that the rule of law must replace the absolutism of Government and consider that citizens have the fundamental right to life, liberty and property...
The political revolution of Cadiz is in the midst of a whole political illustrated culture that inherits the characteristic speech from the Age of Enlightenment and is based on the social contract, popular sovereignty, secularism and modern freedoms. The Spain of the Cortes of Cadiz had not lost sight of the reformist links of its own culture with regards to the creation, alteration, destruction and appropriation of old and new myths. Most constituents meanings of Cadiz knew the intellectual work of the School of Salamanca: Francisco de Vitoria, Domingo de Soto, Luis de Alcalá, Martin Azpilicueta, Tomas de Mercado, Luis de Molina, Juan de Mariana and Francisco Suarez, all naturalists and moralists who sought to reconcile the doctrine of St. Thomas with the new social and economic order. The School of Salamanca had re-formulated the concept of natural law, concluding that all men share the same nature and consequently also share the same rights as equality or freedom and had reformulated their conception of sovereignty. To the School of Salamanca the people is the recipient of sovereignty, which transmits the ruling prince. Men are born free by nature and are not servants of another man they can obey and even to impose a ruler. For Suarez, the political power of society is contractual in origin because the community is formed by the consensus of free wills. From another culture, the foundation of liberalism, as a philosophical and political power, is already attributed, in the seventeenth century, to John Locke's status as the founder of modern liberalism articulating an ideology based on the concept of natural rights and social contract to maintain that the rule of law must replace the absolutism of Government and consider that citizens have the fundamental right to life, liberty and property...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, leída el 12-01-2016