Asymmetric effects of financial volatility and volatility-of-volatility shocks on the energy mix

Abstract

We examine the asymmetric effects of financial instability shocks and their volatility on the conventional and renewable energy mix. We utilize Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) Volatility Index (VIX) and the Volatility-of-Volatility index (vVIX) in a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model to estimate the short- and long-term asymmetry effects across energy mix in Europe, the US, and China. Our estimations indicate that the long-term effects over the energy mix are more significant than their short-term effects. The results also show that the responses to the volatility of financial instability, vVIX, are different from the responses to financial instability itself, VIX, and revealed a more pronounced impact on changes in vVIX compared to VIX. We find that the asymmetries of energy mix responses to positive or negative shocks in VIX and vVIX have been decreasing over the periods.