Reconstitution paléoenvironnementale et paléoclimatique du Pléistocène supérieur ancien (MIS 5a) dans le Centre de l’Espagne : les petits vertébrés (Amphibia, Reptilia & Mammalia) des gisements de Hat et Preresa (sud-est de Madrid
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2013
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Association française pour l'étude du quaternaire
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Les gisements archeologiques de Hat et Preresa sont situes respectivement dans les vallees des rivieres Jarama et Manzanares, a environ 6 km l’un de l’autre et a 18 km au sud-est de Madrid. Ils correspondent a des depots de plaines d’inondation ayant conserve les restes d’activites ponctuelles de groupes de neanderthaliens notamment le depecage de carcasses de grands mammiferes il y a environ 80 000 ans. Les assemblages de petits vertebres recuperes lors des campagnes de fouilles de 2001 a Hat et de 2003 a 2005 a Preresa sont composes par des amphibiens (Pelobates cultripes, Pelodytes sp., Bufo bufo, Bufo calamita, Hyla sp. et Pelophylax perezi), des reptiles (Testudinoidea indet., Blanus sp., Timon lepidus, Psammodromus cf. algirus, Natrix maura, Coronella sp. et Vipera latastei) et des petits mammiferes (Erinaceus europaeus, Crocidura russula, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Eliomys quercinus quercinus, Apodemus sp., Cricetulus (Allocricetus) bursae, Arvicola aff. sapidus, Microtus cabrerae, Microtus duodecimcostatus et Oryctolagus cuniculus). Ces deux gisements, d’âge plus ou moins similaire, ont permis de mettre en evidence a la fin du dernier interglaciaire (MIS 5a) et dans le Centre de la peninsule Iberique l’existence d’un climat de type mediterraneen (quatre mois de secheresse durant l’ete et le debut de l’automne) comparable, voire plus chaud que l’actuel avec des precipitations plus abondantes durant les mois d’hiver et de printemps, et d’une continentalite moins prononcee, comme consequence d’une hausse des temperatures hivernales. Ce climat semble avoir ete propice, a l’existence de zones boisees humides, au moins en bordure des fleuves et d’espaces steppiques ou de prairies seches avec arbustes sur les plateaux environnants.
The archeological sites of Hat and Preresa are located in the valleys of the rivers Jarama and Manzanares respectively, at nearly 6 km one from the other, and 18 km southeast of Madrid. They correspond to floodplain deposits that preserved the remains of the punctual activities of Neanderthal groups in particular the cutting up of large mammals (in particular Proboscidea in Preresa) approximately 80 000 years ago. The small vertebrate assemblages recovered during the excavation campaigns made in 2001 in Hat and from 2003 to 2005 in Preresa are constituted by amphibians (Pelobates cultripes, Pelodytes sp., Bufo bufo, Bufo calamita, Hyla sp. and Pelophylax perezi), reptiles (Testudinoidea indet., Blanus sp., Timon lepidus, Psammodromus cf. algirus, Natrix maura, Coronella sp. and Vipera latastei) and small mammals (Erinaceus europaeus, Crocidura russula, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Eliomys quercinus quercinus, Apodemus sp., Cricetulus (Allocricetus) bursae, Arvicola aff. sapidus, Microtus cabrerae, Microtus duodecimcostatus and Oryctolagus cuniculus). These two assemblages, with an age more or less similar, reveal at the end of the last interglacial (MIS 5a) in Central Spain a climate of Mediterranean type (four months of aridity during summer and the beginning of fall) identical, or warmer than current one with more abundant rainfalls during winter and spring, and a lesser continentality, linked with a certain increase of winter temperatures. Such climatic conditions seem to have been favorable to the existence of humid woodland areas, at least near the rivers, and of steppe areas or dry meadows with bushes on the surrounding plateaus.
The archeological sites of Hat and Preresa are located in the valleys of the rivers Jarama and Manzanares respectively, at nearly 6 km one from the other, and 18 km southeast of Madrid. They correspond to floodplain deposits that preserved the remains of the punctual activities of Neanderthal groups in particular the cutting up of large mammals (in particular Proboscidea in Preresa) approximately 80 000 years ago. The small vertebrate assemblages recovered during the excavation campaigns made in 2001 in Hat and from 2003 to 2005 in Preresa are constituted by amphibians (Pelobates cultripes, Pelodytes sp., Bufo bufo, Bufo calamita, Hyla sp. and Pelophylax perezi), reptiles (Testudinoidea indet., Blanus sp., Timon lepidus, Psammodromus cf. algirus, Natrix maura, Coronella sp. and Vipera latastei) and small mammals (Erinaceus europaeus, Crocidura russula, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Eliomys quercinus quercinus, Apodemus sp., Cricetulus (Allocricetus) bursae, Arvicola aff. sapidus, Microtus cabrerae, Microtus duodecimcostatus and Oryctolagus cuniculus). These two assemblages, with an age more or less similar, reveal at the end of the last interglacial (MIS 5a) in Central Spain a climate of Mediterranean type (four months of aridity during summer and the beginning of fall) identical, or warmer than current one with more abundant rainfalls during winter and spring, and a lesser continentality, linked with a certain increase of winter temperatures. Such climatic conditions seem to have been favorable to the existence of humid woodland areas, at least near the rivers, and of steppe areas or dry meadows with bushes on the surrounding plateaus.