Validez de Constructo de la Escala de Detección de alumnos con Altas Capacidades para Padres, Parent Gifted Rating Scales (GRS 2), en España
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2023
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Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia
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Tourón , M., Navarro-Asencio, E., & Tourón , J. (2023). Validez de Constructo de la Escala de Detección de alumnos con Altas Capacidades para Padres, Parent Gifted Rating Scales (GRS 2), en España. Revista De Educación, 402, 53–80. https://doi.org/10.4438/1988-592X-RE-2023-402-595
Abstract
El desarrollo de instrumentos de medida en el ámbito de las altas capacidades en España es escaso. El déficit en la identificación de estos alumnos se debe, en parte, a esta carencia. Los sistemas actuales de evaluación se centran en un enfoque global que recomienda utilizar fuentes de información e instrumentos diversos, como las escalas de detección, que vayan más allá de las puntuaciones de los tests de inteligencia o aptitudes, entre otros. La importancia de las variables co-cognitivas, de ordinario maleables, ha sido puesta de manifiesto por muchos autores, de modo que la triangulación de fuentes de información complementarias se considera esencial. Aquí se aborda por primera vez el estudio de la validez de constructo de la Escala de Padres de las GRS 2 en España, con una muestra de 1334 padres y madres. Se llevó a cabo un estudio factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, AFE y AFC, y se ha tenido en cuenta la métrica de las variables y su normalidad multivariada adecuando los análisis. Se emplearon métodos de estimación de mínimos cuadrados ponderados. Se han estudiado 8 modelos y, finalmente, se propone una estructura de cuatro factores de primer orden y dos factores de segundo orden que explica el 58% de la varianza. Los índices de ajuste del modelo son satisfactorios (CFI, .98; TLI, .97; GFI, .98), la validez convergente (AVE, por encima de .54 y Fiabilidad Compuesta, entre 0.78 y 0.92) muestran un resultado aceptable. La estructura propuesta mejora la original de tres factores. Esta escala es la primera validada en España y aporta una medida para la identificación de los alumnos de alta capacidad relevante. Este estudio se completará con la validación de las otras dos escalas para profesores que componen el GRS 2, y que se está llevando a cabo por los autores.
The development of measurement instruments in the field of high abilities in Spain is scarce. The deficit in the identification of these students is due, in part, to this lack. Current identification procedures focus on a global approach that recommends using various information sources and instruments, such as detection scales, that go beyond intelligence or aptitude test scores, among others. The importance of co-cognitive variables, usually malleable, has been highlighted by many authors, so that the triangulation of complementary information sources is considered essential. Here, for the first time, the study of the construct validity of the GRS 2 Parents Scale in Spain is addressed, with a sample of 1334 fathers and mothers. An exploratory and confirmatory factorial study, AFE and AFC, was carried out, and the metrics of the variables and their multivariate normality have been taken into account, adapting the analysis 637 87 11 47 is accordingly. Weighted least squares estimation methods were used. Eight models have been studied and, finally, a structure of four first-order factors and two second-order factors is proposed, which explains 58% of the variance of the scores. The fit indices of the model are satisfactory (CFI, .98; TLI, .97; GFI, .98), the convergent validity (AVE, above .54 and Composite Reliability, between .78 and .92) show an acceptable result. The proposed structure improves the original three-factor one. This scale is validated in Spain for the first time and provides a measure for the identification of students with high ability. This study will be completed with the validation of the other two scales for teachers that make up the GRS 2, which is being carried out by the authors.
The development of measurement instruments in the field of high abilities in Spain is scarce. The deficit in the identification of these students is due, in part, to this lack. Current identification procedures focus on a global approach that recommends using various information sources and instruments, such as detection scales, that go beyond intelligence or aptitude test scores, among others. The importance of co-cognitive variables, usually malleable, has been highlighted by many authors, so that the triangulation of complementary information sources is considered essential. Here, for the first time, the study of the construct validity of the GRS 2 Parents Scale in Spain is addressed, with a sample of 1334 fathers and mothers. An exploratory and confirmatory factorial study, AFE and AFC, was carried out, and the metrics of the variables and their multivariate normality have been taken into account, adapting the analysis 637 87 11 47 is accordingly. Weighted least squares estimation methods were used. Eight models have been studied and, finally, a structure of four first-order factors and two second-order factors is proposed, which explains 58% of the variance of the scores. The fit indices of the model are satisfactory (CFI, .98; TLI, .97; GFI, .98), the convergent validity (AVE, above .54 and Composite Reliability, between .78 and .92) show an acceptable result. The proposed structure improves the original three-factor one. This scale is validated in Spain for the first time and provides a measure for the identification of students with high ability. This study will be completed with the validation of the other two scales for teachers that make up the GRS 2, which is being carried out by the authors.
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