Dynamics of cortical language plasticity by means of magnetoencephalography

Abstract

We present a review of recent advances in the functional study of cortical language reorganization by means of magnetoencephalography (MEG). Initially we review some basic concepts on biomagnetism, necessary to understand the characteristics distinguishing MEG from others functional neuroimaging tools, namely: a high temporal resolution, an acceptable spatial resolution, no need of reference and a non-invasive method to collect brain activity. The main research for validation of MEG language mapping is reviewed, comparing its ability with other techniques such as Wada test or electric cortical stimulation. We also examine several studies on atypical language neural representation without brain damage. Finally, we reveal recent advances regarding neural correlates for developmental dyslexia and recovery of language skills after many types of brain damage. Taking into account its particular features, MEG can provide a new and revealing approach to the study of plastic changes in the fronto-temporo-parietal cortical network, which sustains language processing.