La reorganización y la oposición del PCE al franquismo, (1939-1946)
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2017
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11/01/2016
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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En el proceso y desarrollo histórico del PCE durante el primer franquismo tuvieron lugar diferentes reestructuraciones y luchas clandestinas protagonizadas por miles de militantes que integraron la organización comunista en aquellos años, muchos de ellos fueron encarcelados y algunos ejecutados por las autoridades franquistas. El origen de la resistencia antifranquista tuvo lugar incluso antes de la finalización de la guerra civil española y estuvo marcada por la desunión entre las distintas organizaciones republicanas españolas, la desorganización entre los militantes, ya que en el caso del PCE, los principales dirigentes que habían salido del país se refugiaron dispersos entre la URSS, México y Francia y una falta de medios y organización entre los diversos grupos heterogéneos clandestinos de comunistas que no salieron de España. Todo ello influyó en estrategias impuestas desde el exterior, subordinadas a las variaciones de la política internacional y condicionada, en numerosas ocasiones, por la represión de la dictadura franquista. Para la realización e investigación de esta tesis doctoral se han consultado diversos archivos donde se albergan los fondos documentales fundamentales para el desarrollo de la misma. Destacaría los consejos de guerra expedidos por el sistema judicial franquista depositados en los diferentes archivos históricos militares, expedientes e informes de la Brigada Político Social y de la Guardia Civil y toda la documentación generada por el propio PCE y albergada en su archivo histórico. El final de la guerra civil española se inició con un período de sistemática y desmedida represión por parte de las autoridades franquistas contra miles de republicanos que fueron víctimas de encarcelamientos, torturas, fusilamientos y exilio. Para legitimar sus acciones, el régimen franquista se apoyó en un sistema judicial basado en un código de justicia militar y articulado en unas leyes promulgadas que parecían justificar sus actos. La división en el campo republicano español entre socialistas, anarquistas y republicanos por un lado y los comunistas por otro, marcado por un claro sentimiento anticomunista, llevó a un golpe de Estado protagonizado por el coronel republicano Segismundo Casado y la creación de una Junta Nacional de Defensa. Se produjo un enfrentamiento armado entre las propias fuerzas republicanas causando unos dos mil muertos, encarcelamiento de gran cantidad de comunistas y la imposibilidad de realizar una oposición unitaria contra la dictadura...
In the historical process and development of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) during the early Franco regime different restructuring processes and clandestine struggles were carried out by thousands of militants who were members of the Communist organization in those years. Many of these were imprisoned and some executed by the Francoist authorities. The origin of the anti-Francoist resistance occurred even before the end of the Spanish Civil War and was marked by the disunity on the Republican side, disorganization amongst the militants – such is the case of the PCE, whose main leaders, being forced to flee the country, became refugees scattered in the USSR, Mexico and France – and the fact that the diverse heterogeneous clandestine Communist groups which had remained in Spain lacked both resources and organization. All this influenced on strategies imposed from outside, subordinated to changes in the international politics and conditioned, on numerous occasions, by the repression of Franco’s dictatorship. Of significant importance for the research done for this doctoral dissertation are the court-martial case files and related records generated by the Francoist legal system and kept in diverse war historical archives, documents produced by the PCE itself and held at its Historical Archive, as well as files and other documentation from the Political-Social Brigade and the Civil Guard. The end of the Spanish civil war began with a period of systematic and disproportionate repression inflicted on thousands of Republicans -who were victims of imprisonment, torture, execution and exile- by the Francoist authorities. To legitimize their actions, the Franco regime was based on a legal system whose backbone was a code of military justice and articulated in promulgated laws which seemed to justify their actions. Marked by a clear anti-Communist sentiment, the division on the Spanish Republican side between Socialists, Anarchists and Republicans on one side, and Communists on the other, led to a coup by Republican Colonel Segismundo Casado and the subsequent creation of a National Defense Junta. There was an armed confrontation between the Republican forces themselves causing about two thousand dead, imprisonment of many communists and the impossibility of acting as a unitary opposition against the dictatorship...
In the historical process and development of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) during the early Franco regime different restructuring processes and clandestine struggles were carried out by thousands of militants who were members of the Communist organization in those years. Many of these were imprisoned and some executed by the Francoist authorities. The origin of the anti-Francoist resistance occurred even before the end of the Spanish Civil War and was marked by the disunity on the Republican side, disorganization amongst the militants – such is the case of the PCE, whose main leaders, being forced to flee the country, became refugees scattered in the USSR, Mexico and France – and the fact that the diverse heterogeneous clandestine Communist groups which had remained in Spain lacked both resources and organization. All this influenced on strategies imposed from outside, subordinated to changes in the international politics and conditioned, on numerous occasions, by the repression of Franco’s dictatorship. Of significant importance for the research done for this doctoral dissertation are the court-martial case files and related records generated by the Francoist legal system and kept in diverse war historical archives, documents produced by the PCE itself and held at its Historical Archive, as well as files and other documentation from the Political-Social Brigade and the Civil Guard. The end of the Spanish civil war began with a period of systematic and disproportionate repression inflicted on thousands of Republicans -who were victims of imprisonment, torture, execution and exile- by the Francoist authorities. To legitimize their actions, the Franco regime was based on a legal system whose backbone was a code of military justice and articulated in promulgated laws which seemed to justify their actions. Marked by a clear anti-Communist sentiment, the division on the Spanish Republican side between Socialists, Anarchists and Republicans on one side, and Communists on the other, led to a coup by Republican Colonel Segismundo Casado and the subsequent creation of a National Defense Junta. There was an armed confrontation between the Republican forces themselves causing about two thousand dead, imprisonment of many communists and the impossibility of acting as a unitary opposition against the dictatorship...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Departamento de Historia Contemporánea, leída el 11-01-2016