Estudio del papel que desempaña la sumoilación de Rac1 en la diseminación del cáncer de mama
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2024
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11/09/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
RAC1 es una GTPasa pequeña perteneciente a la familia de las GTPasas RHO que cumple numerosas e importantes funciones celulares, y que actúa como un interruptor molecular de procesos como el ciclo celular, la apoptosis o la adhesión celular, entre otros. Además, como miembro de la subfamilia RHO, participa en la regulación del citoesqueleto de actina, necesario para el movimiento y desplazamiento celular.Debido a sus importantes funciones, tanto la actividad como la localización subcelular de RAC1 se encuentran reguladas muy finamente. Como otras GTPasas pequeñas, RAC1 se encuentra activa cuando está asociada a GTP e inactiva cuando está unida a GDP. Así, la actividad de RAC1 está controlada por activadores (GEFs), que estimulan el intercambio de GDP por GTP, e inhibidores (GAPs y RHOGDIs), que favorecen la forma inactiva de la proteína. Adicionalmente, la actividad de RAC1 está modulada por diferentes modificaciones postraduccionales como la lipidación, que permite su anclaje a la membrana y regula su unión a diferentes efectores, o la ubiquitinación, que promueve su degradación en el proteasoma. Además, RAC1 puede modificarse por el péptido similar a la ubiquitina SUMO1. A diferencia de la ubiquitinación, la modificación por SUMO1 contribuye a modular la actividad de RAC1 favoreciendo la forma unida a GTP; con la particularidad de que esta modificación postraduccional parece afectar únicamente al proceso de migración celular...
RAC1 is a small GTPase belonging to the RHO family of GTPases that fulfils numerous important cellular functions, acting as a molecular switch in processes such as cell cycle, apoptosis and cell adhesion, among others. Furthermore, as a member of the RHO subfamily, it participates in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, which is necessary for cell movement and displacement.Due to its important functions, both the activity and subcellular localisation of RAC1 are very finely regulated. Like other small GTPases, RAC1 is active when bound to GTP and inactive when bound to GDP. Thus, RAC1 activity is controlled by activators (GEFs), which stimulate the exchange of GDP for GTP, and inhibitors (GAPs and RHOGDIs), which favour the inactive form of the protein. In addition, RAC1 activity is modulated by different post-translational modifications such as lipidation, which allows its anchoring to the membrane and regulates its binding to different effectors, or ubiquitination, which promotes its degradation in the proteasome. In addition, RAC1 can be modified by the ubiquitin-like peptide SUMO1. In contrast to ubiquitination, modification by SUMO1 contributes to modulate RAC1 activity by favouring the GTP-bound form of the protein. It is also noteworthy that this post-translational modification is unique in that it specifically regulates the ability of RAC1 to control cell migration...
RAC1 is a small GTPase belonging to the RHO family of GTPases that fulfils numerous important cellular functions, acting as a molecular switch in processes such as cell cycle, apoptosis and cell adhesion, among others. Furthermore, as a member of the RHO subfamily, it participates in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, which is necessary for cell movement and displacement.Due to its important functions, both the activity and subcellular localisation of RAC1 are very finely regulated. Like other small GTPases, RAC1 is active when bound to GTP and inactive when bound to GDP. Thus, RAC1 activity is controlled by activators (GEFs), which stimulate the exchange of GDP for GTP, and inhibitors (GAPs and RHOGDIs), which favour the inactive form of the protein. In addition, RAC1 activity is modulated by different post-translational modifications such as lipidation, which allows its anchoring to the membrane and regulates its binding to different effectors, or ubiquitination, which promotes its degradation in the proteasome. In addition, RAC1 can be modified by the ubiquitin-like peptide SUMO1. In contrast to ubiquitination, modification by SUMO1 contributes to modulate RAC1 activity by favouring the GTP-bound form of the protein. It is also noteworthy that this post-translational modification is unique in that it specifically regulates the ability of RAC1 to control cell migration...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, leída el 11-09-2023