Exposición prolongada a la televisión en niños y adolescentes: efectos sobre la salud y estrategias de protección
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2024
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Ministerio de Sanidad
Citation
Díaz Cuesta JF, Concheiro Guisán A. Exposición prolongada a la televisión en niños y adolescentes: efectos sobre la salud y estrategias de protección: e202409051. Rev Esp Salud Pública [Internet]. 18 de septiembre de 2024 [citado 27 de enero de 2025];98:21 páginas. Disponible en: https://ojs.sanidad.gob.es/index.php/resp/article/view/776
Abstract
FUNDAMENTOS // Desde la pandemia de la COVID-19, el tiempo frente a la pantalla (TP) parece haber aumentado entre niños y jóvenes. Existe controversia sobre su impacto en el bienestar físico y mental de los niños. Este estudio tuvo el objetivo de analizar la posible influencia de un excesivo TP en la salud infantil mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura.
MÉTODOS // Dos revisores independientes realizaron una revisión sistemática. Se analizó la literatura médica (base de datos MEDLINE) desde 2017 hasta 2022. Se analizaron los datos relacionados con los efectos del tiempo frente a la pantalla en la salud infantil junto con las estrategias que pueden mitigar dichos efectos.
RESULTADOS // La búsqueda identificó 3.151 artículos, siendo 37 finalmente seleccionados por cumplir los criterios de calidad metodológica exigidos. Se detectaron efectos negativos sobre la salud infantil como la obesidad, ligada a un estilo de vida sedentario, trastornos del sueño o problemas de ansiedad en adolescentes. Sin embargo, también se ha descrito un mejor desarrollo del lenguaje o del funcionamiento de la memoria, cuando se utilizaban medios interactivos. Las medidas educativas han demostrado ser útiles para controlar el tiempo de exposición y reducir los efectos negativos relacionados con la exposición.
CONCLUSIONES // Aunque unos niveles elevados de tiempo frente a la pantalla podrían afectar a la salud de los niños, se han registrado algunos efectos positivos que se potencian cuando los padres se implican en el visionado de la televisión (coviewing). El tiempo de exposición se debe personalizar según el estilo de vida de cada niño.
BACKGROUND // Since COVID-19 pandemic, screen time (ST) seems to have increased among children and young people. There is controversy about its impact in the physical and mental well-being of children. The aim of this study was to analyse the possible influence of excessive ST on child health through a systematic review of the literature. METHODS // Systematic review was done by two independent reviewers. We analysed the medical literature (MEDLINE data base) from 2017 to 2022. Data related to the effects of ST on children ́s health were analysed along with strategies that can mitigate those effects. RESULTS // The search identified 3,151 articles, 37 finally selected as they fulfilled the demanded methodological quality criteria. Negati-ve effects on children’s health such as obesity, linked to a sedentary lifestyle, sleep disorders or anxiety problems in adolescents were de-tected. However, a better development of language or memory functioning, when interactive media were used, have also been described. Educational measures have proven useful in controlling exposure time and reducing exposure-related negative effects. CONCLUSIONS // Although high levels of ST could affect children`s health, we have recorded some positive effects that are enhan-ced when parents get involved in TV watching (co-viewing). Exposure time should be customized according to every child’s lifestyle.
BACKGROUND // Since COVID-19 pandemic, screen time (ST) seems to have increased among children and young people. There is controversy about its impact in the physical and mental well-being of children. The aim of this study was to analyse the possible influence of excessive ST on child health through a systematic review of the literature. METHODS // Systematic review was done by two independent reviewers. We analysed the medical literature (MEDLINE data base) from 2017 to 2022. Data related to the effects of ST on children ́s health were analysed along with strategies that can mitigate those effects. RESULTS // The search identified 3,151 articles, 37 finally selected as they fulfilled the demanded methodological quality criteria. Negati-ve effects on children’s health such as obesity, linked to a sedentary lifestyle, sleep disorders or anxiety problems in adolescents were de-tected. However, a better development of language or memory functioning, when interactive media were used, have also been described. Educational measures have proven useful in controlling exposure time and reducing exposure-related negative effects. CONCLUSIONS // Although high levels of ST could affect children`s health, we have recorded some positive effects that are enhan-ced when parents get involved in TV watching (co-viewing). Exposure time should be customized according to every child’s lifestyle.