Producción de progesterona por fermentación de esteroles naturales mediante ingeniería metabólica de sistemas
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2026
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25/11/2025
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Los esteroides presentan funciones muy diversas, ya sea desempeñando un papel estructural en membranas celulares como el colesterol, o presentando actividad hormonal como la progesterona o la cortisona, y por ello los fármacos esteroideos se encuentran incluidos en la lista de medicamentos cruciales por la OMS. Específicamente, la progesterona y sus derivados no solo se utilizan para el tratamiento de la endometriosis o como método anticonceptivo, sino que sirven como punto de partida para producir otros fármacos, como el desoxicortisol y la hidrocortisona. La progesterona se produce actualmente a partir de la diosgenina empleando 8 pasos de síntesis química, resultando en un proceso contaminante y con un rendimiento considerablemente bajo, generando la necesidad de buscar una alternativa que reduzca tanto su coste como su impacto medioambiental. Esta situación abre la posibilidad de utilizar microorganismos que realicen todo o parte del proceso de producción de los esteroides de manera más eficiente y menos contaminante. La semisíntesis de esteroides utilizaría primero una biotransformación bacteriana de un sustrato esteroideo de partida (p.e., esteroles naturales) en una molécula intermediaria, o sintona esteroidea, para luego obtener el fármaco de interés con menos pasos químicos...
Steroids present very diverse activities such as playing a structural role in cell membranes like cholesterol or exhibiting hormonal activity like progesterone or cortisone and they are included in the list of crucial drugs determined by the World Health Organization (WHO). Specifically, progesterone and its derivatives are used as a treatment for endometriosis or as a contraceptive and, moreover, progesterone can be used as starting point for the production of other steroidal drugs, such as deoxycortisol and hydrocortisone.Progesterone is currently produced from the natural sterol called diosgenine through 8 chemical steps, which results in a highly pollutant process with a considerably low yield, generating the need to look for an alternative that reduces both its cost and environmental impact. This situation opens up the possibility of using microorganisms that perform all or part of the steroid production process in a more efficient and less polluting way. Steroid semi-synthesis would first consist on a bacterial biotransformation of the starting steroidal substrate (e.g., natural sterols) into an intermediate molecule, or steroid synthon, and then obtain the drug of interest with fewer chemical steps...
Steroids present very diverse activities such as playing a structural role in cell membranes like cholesterol or exhibiting hormonal activity like progesterone or cortisone and they are included in the list of crucial drugs determined by the World Health Organization (WHO). Specifically, progesterone and its derivatives are used as a treatment for endometriosis or as a contraceptive and, moreover, progesterone can be used as starting point for the production of other steroidal drugs, such as deoxycortisol and hydrocortisone.Progesterone is currently produced from the natural sterol called diosgenine through 8 chemical steps, which results in a highly pollutant process with a considerably low yield, generating the need to look for an alternative that reduces both its cost and environmental impact. This situation opens up the possibility of using microorganisms that perform all or part of the steroid production process in a more efficient and less polluting way. Steroid semi-synthesis would first consist on a bacterial biotransformation of the starting steroidal substrate (e.g., natural sterols) into an intermediate molecule, or steroid synthon, and then obtain the drug of interest with fewer chemical steps...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, leída el 25/11/2025. Tesis formato europeo (compendio de artículos)







