Caracterización bioquímica y estructural de enzimas bacterianas y fúngicas implicadas en el metabolismo de azúcares: N-acetil-beta-hexosaminidasas, alfa- glucuronidasas y metalo-beta-lactamasas
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2023
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17/04/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Los azúcares, que se cuentan entre los principios inmediatos orgánicos, son moléculas necesarias para un desarrollo y función adecuados en cualquier organismo. Por ello, ya sean procariotas o eucariotas, los seres vivos poseen estrategias muy variadas para la captación, metabolismo y degradación de estos glúcidos. De los monosacáridos que pueden encontrarse en la naturaleza, probablemente los más relevantes sean la glucosa y la galactosa. Ambos azúcares pueden encontrarse también en cadenas polisacáridas de diferente longitud, como componentes de paredes celulares y matrices extracelulares, o conjugados con proteínas y lípidos.La estructura de los oligosacáridos puede considerarse compleja por distintas razones tales como la variedad de monómeros que los conforman, así como su tipo anomérico y la posición de los enlaces que forman la cadena, haciendo de ellos, en ocasiones, estructuras muy difíciles de descomponer. Ya que la estructura de estos polímeros es tan variada, una de las formas para determinar su estructura consiste en el empleo de glicosil hidrolasas (GHs) gracias a su especificidad de sustrato. Estas enzimas poseen una función hidrolítica que es indispensable para la funcionalidad de cada especie en la que están presentes, y además poseen una gran diversidad de actividades lo que conlleva, por ende, distintas aplicaciones biotecnológicas: una de las más destacables es su potencial para hidrolizar, de manera eficiente y sin pretratamientos, la lignocelulosa, tan difícil de gestionar por su recalcitrante estructura, lo que facilita enormemente la producción de biocombustibles. Por ello, es de suma importancia ahondar en el mecanismo catalítico y en las condiciones de reacción de estas enzimas para progresar en el ámbito de las energías renovables y sostenibles...
Sugars, which are among the organic immediate principles, are necessary molecules for proper development and function in any organism. Therefore, whether they are prokaryotes or eukaryotes, living beings have very varied strategies for the uptake, metabolism and degradation of these carbohydrates. Of the monosaccharides that can be found in nature, probably the most relevant are glucose and galactose. Both sugars can also be found in polysaccharide chains of different lengths, as components of cell walls and extracellular matrices, or conjugated to proteins and lipids.The structure of oligosaccharides can be considered complex for different reasons such as the variety of monomers that make them up, as well as their anomeric type and the position of the bonds that form the chain, making them sometimes very difficult structures to decompose. Since the structure of these polymers is so varied, one of the ways to determine their structure consists in the use of glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) thanks to their substrate specificity. These enzymes have a hydrolytic function that is indispensable for the functionality of each species in which they are present, and they also have a great diversity of activities, which leads to different biotechnological applications: one of the most remarkable is their potential to hydrolyze, efficiently and without pretreatment, lignocellulose, so difficult to manage due to its recalcitrant structure, which greatly facilitates the production of biofuels. It is therefore of utmost importance to delve into the catalytic mechanism and reaction conditions of these enzymes in order to make progress in the field of renewable and sustainable energies...
Sugars, which are among the organic immediate principles, are necessary molecules for proper development and function in any organism. Therefore, whether they are prokaryotes or eukaryotes, living beings have very varied strategies for the uptake, metabolism and degradation of these carbohydrates. Of the monosaccharides that can be found in nature, probably the most relevant are glucose and galactose. Both sugars can also be found in polysaccharide chains of different lengths, as components of cell walls and extracellular matrices, or conjugated to proteins and lipids.The structure of oligosaccharides can be considered complex for different reasons such as the variety of monomers that make them up, as well as their anomeric type and the position of the bonds that form the chain, making them sometimes very difficult structures to decompose. Since the structure of these polymers is so varied, one of the ways to determine their structure consists in the use of glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) thanks to their substrate specificity. These enzymes have a hydrolytic function that is indispensable for the functionality of each species in which they are present, and they also have a great diversity of activities, which leads to different biotechnological applications: one of the most remarkable is their potential to hydrolyze, efficiently and without pretreatment, lignocellulose, so difficult to manage due to its recalcitrant structure, which greatly facilitates the production of biofuels. It is therefore of utmost importance to delve into the catalytic mechanism and reaction conditions of these enzymes in order to make progress in the field of renewable and sustainable energies...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, leída el 17/04/2023