Papel de los mecanismos de dinámica y control de calidad mitocondriales en la termogénesis adaptativa
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2025
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20/03/2024
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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La obesidad es un problema sanitario de carácter pandémico con complicaciones tales como la resistencia a insulina o la diabetes. El tejido adiposo marrón (BAT) es protagonista en la regulación de la adiposidad y peso corporal a través de la termogénesis sin tiriteo (TST). Su papel en el adulto ha sido desconsiderado, pero gracias a la aparición de una serie de estudios PET-CT, se ha demostrado que el BAT está presente y es funcional en los adultos, estableciéndose una correlación inversa entre el índice de masa corporal y la presencia de depósitos de grasa marrón. Por ello, la activación del gasto energético a través del BAT se ha convertido en una terapia anti-obesidad en la actualidad. La mitocondria juega un papel central en la energética de las células eucarióticas, siendo clave su biogénesis en la TST. Tradicionalmente, la termogénesis del BAT se ha basado en la actividad de la proteína desacoplante UCP-1 a través de la inhibición del gradiente protón-motriz implicado en la conservación de la energía asociada a la cadena respiratoria mitocondrial. Sin embargo, actualmente se ha comprobado que la dinámica mitocondrial participa activamente en la amplificación del gasto energético durante la adaptación a situaciones de restricción calórica, activando la fusión mitocondrial, o de exceso de disponibilidad energética, activando la fisión...
Obesity stands as a widespread health issue, bringing complications like insulin resistance and diabetes to the forefront. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a leading role in the regulation of adiposity and body weight through non-shivering thermogenesis (NST). While the role of BAT in adults has been somewhat overlooked, PET-CT studies have revealed its presence and functionality in adults. These studies establish an inverse correlation between body mass index and the presence of brown fat depots. Consequently, activating energy expenditure via BAT has become a favoured approach in anti-obesity therapy.Mitochondria play a pivotal role in the energetics of eukaryotic cells, with their biogenesis during NST being crucial. Traditionally, BAT thermogenesis has been linked to the expression and anchoring of the uncoupling protein UCP-1, inhibiting the proton-motor gradient involved in conserving energy associated with the mitochondrial respiratory chain. However, recent knowledge indicates that mitochondrial dynamics actively contribute to amplifying energy expenditure during caloric restriction. This involves activating mitochondrial fusion during excess energy availability and promoting fission...
Obesity stands as a widespread health issue, bringing complications like insulin resistance and diabetes to the forefront. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a leading role in the regulation of adiposity and body weight through non-shivering thermogenesis (NST). While the role of BAT in adults has been somewhat overlooked, PET-CT studies have revealed its presence and functionality in adults. These studies establish an inverse correlation between body mass index and the presence of brown fat depots. Consequently, activating energy expenditure via BAT has become a favoured approach in anti-obesity therapy.Mitochondria play a pivotal role in the energetics of eukaryotic cells, with their biogenesis during NST being crucial. Traditionally, BAT thermogenesis has been linked to the expression and anchoring of the uncoupling protein UCP-1, inhibiting the proton-motor gradient involved in conserving energy associated with the mitochondrial respiratory chain. However, recent knowledge indicates that mitochondrial dynamics actively contribute to amplifying energy expenditure during caloric restriction. This involves activating mitochondrial fusion during excess energy availability and promoting fission...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, leída el 20/03/2024