Prejuicio de los estudiantes de Psicología sobre las personas con adicción a sustancias: el estigma en los futuros profesionales sanitarios
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2023
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Ruiz Sánchez de León, J. M., Piquero Sampedro, P. y Pedrero Pérez, E. J. (2023). Prejuicio de los estudiantes de Psicología sobre las personas con adicción a sustancias: el estigma en los futuros profesionales sanitarios. Revista Española de Drogodependencias, 48(3), 59-77. https://doi.org/10.54108/10058
Abstract
El estigma social de las personas con adicción es un tema que ha suscitado un gran interés en los últimos años. El presente trabajo pretende analizar la precisión con la que los estudiantes de Psicología estiman la presencia de sintomatología prefrontal en las personas que imaginan tener que tratar por adicciones en su futuro profesional. Esa estimación se compara con la sintomatología declarada por personas reales con adición que inician un tratamiento. Se reclutaron 262 estudiantes de Grado en Psicología y de Máster en Psicofarmacología y Drogas de Abuso a los que administró consecutivamente dos versiones del Inventario de Síntomas Prefrontales (ISP-20): una autodeclarada y otra heteroestimada, en la que cada participante respondió acerca de una persona adicta imaginaria. Por otro lado, se utilizó una base de datos de 790 personas que se encontraban en tratamiento por adicción a sustancias que habían cumplimentado el ISP-20. Se observó cómo los estudiantes de psicología aplican una sobreestimación de síntomas de mal funcionamiento prefrontal en las personas adictas. Esa sobreestimación no está modelada por variables como el sexo o la edad. Se alerta sobre el potencial prejuicio que presentan los participantes en la medida en que son potenciales profesionales de la Psicología.
The social stigma of people with addictions is a topic that has aroused great interest in recent years. The present study aims to analyze the accuracy with which Psychology students estimate the presence of prefrontal symptomatology in people they imagine having to treat for addictions in their professional future. That estimate is compared with the symptomatology reported by real people with addiction who start outpatient treatment. To this end, 262 undergraduate students in Psychology and Master’s students in Psychopharmacology and Drugs of Abuse were recruited and consecutively administered two versions of the Prefrontal Symptom Inventory (ISP-20): one selfreported and one hetero-reported, in which each participant answered about an imaginary addict who personalizes his or her image of addicts in general. On the other hand, a database of 790 people in treatment for substance addiction who had completed the ISP-20 was used. Psychology students applied an unequivocal overestimation of symptoms of prefrontal malfunctioning in addicted people. This overestimation was not affected by variables such as sex or age. We warn about the potential bias presented by the participants, as they are potential Clinical or Health Psychology professionals, and we discuss the possible sources of the derived stigma.
The social stigma of people with addictions is a topic that has aroused great interest in recent years. The present study aims to analyze the accuracy with which Psychology students estimate the presence of prefrontal symptomatology in people they imagine having to treat for addictions in their professional future. That estimate is compared with the symptomatology reported by real people with addiction who start outpatient treatment. To this end, 262 undergraduate students in Psychology and Master’s students in Psychopharmacology and Drugs of Abuse were recruited and consecutively administered two versions of the Prefrontal Symptom Inventory (ISP-20): one selfreported and one hetero-reported, in which each participant answered about an imaginary addict who personalizes his or her image of addicts in general. On the other hand, a database of 790 people in treatment for substance addiction who had completed the ISP-20 was used. Psychology students applied an unequivocal overestimation of symptoms of prefrontal malfunctioning in addicted people. This overestimation was not affected by variables such as sex or age. We warn about the potential bias presented by the participants, as they are potential Clinical or Health Psychology professionals, and we discuss the possible sources of the derived stigma.