Mundo nuevo, ¿diplomacia nueva?: la influencia de la Gran Guerra en las prácticas diplomáticas del reinado de Alfonso XIII. Un estudio comparado con la diplomacia francesa
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2020
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18/11/2019
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Estando dominada la política exterior española de la primera parte del siglo XX por su regreso a la arena internacional, por la búsqueda de un nuevo lugar en el mundo y la redefinición de sus objetivos internacionales, nos interesamos aquí por conocer mejor los medios con que encaró la diplomacia española esos retos y la manera en que se adaptó al ámbito en el que tuvo que desarrollar su acción; nos preguntamos, en definitiva, por la evolución de unas prácticas diplomáticas incardinadas en un mundo —el de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX— que cambió a un ritmo frenético, con avances vertiginosos en todos los ámbitos de la vida humana. La tesis analiza, desde un enfoque evolutivo, los procesos de profesionalización, democratización, especialización y extensión de la diplomacia española a lo largo del reinado de Alfonso XIII. En concreto, abordamos el análisis de la formación y sistemas de selección de los cuadros funcionariales; de la apertura social de la carrera diplomática; del creciente interés del Parlamento por la política internacional y por las cuestiones diplomáticas, a través de su función fiscalizadora de la acción gubernamental; la especialización de la diplomacia, con especial atención a la entrada del ámbito económico y comercial en su campo de trabajo y la problemática que supone de cara a la unidad de acción; la evolución de la red diplomática y consular; y finalmente, el análisis de la actitud del mundo diplomático, político e intelectual ante el multilateralismo representado por la Sociedad de Naciones...
The Spanish foreign policy of the first part of the twentieth century being dominated by its return to the international arena, the search for a new place in the world and the redefinition of its international objectives, we are interested here to know better the means with which Spanish diplomacy faced these challenges and the way in which it adapted itself to the field in which it had to develop its action; we ask ourselves, in short, about the evolution of diplomatic practices integrated in a world —that of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries— that changed at a frantic pace, with vertiginous advances in all areas of human life. The thesis analyzes, from an evolutionary approach, the processes of professionalization, democratization, specialization and extension of Spanish diplomacy throughout the reign of Alfonso XIII. Specifically, we address the analysis of the academic training and selection systems of the diplomatic and consular agents; of the social opening of the diplomatic career; of Parliament's growing interest in international politics and diplomatic issues, through its oversight function of government action; the specialization of diplomacy, with special attention to the entry of the economic and commercial field in its sphere of work and the problems that it entails for the unity of foreign action; the evolution of the diplomatic and consular map; and finally, the analysis of the attitude of the diplomatic, political and intellectual world towards the multilateralism represented by the League of Nations...
The Spanish foreign policy of the first part of the twentieth century being dominated by its return to the international arena, the search for a new place in the world and the redefinition of its international objectives, we are interested here to know better the means with which Spanish diplomacy faced these challenges and the way in which it adapted itself to the field in which it had to develop its action; we ask ourselves, in short, about the evolution of diplomatic practices integrated in a world —that of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries— that changed at a frantic pace, with vertiginous advances in all areas of human life. The thesis analyzes, from an evolutionary approach, the processes of professionalization, democratization, specialization and extension of Spanish diplomacy throughout the reign of Alfonso XIII. Specifically, we address the analysis of the academic training and selection systems of the diplomatic and consular agents; of the social opening of the diplomatic career; of Parliament's growing interest in international politics and diplomatic issues, through its oversight function of government action; the specialization of diplomacy, with special attention to the entry of the economic and commercial field in its sphere of work and the problems that it entails for the unity of foreign action; the evolution of the diplomatic and consular map; and finally, the analysis of the attitude of the diplomatic, political and intellectual world towards the multilateralism represented by the League of Nations...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Departamento de Historia Moderna y de Historia Contemporánea, leída el 18-11-2019