Estudio de la función de la envoltura nuclear en el proceso meiótico de Arabidopsis thaliana
Loading...
Download
Official URL
Full text at PDC
Publication date
2023
Defense date
13/12/2022
Authors
Advisors (or tutors)
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Citation
Abstract
La meiosis es un mecanismo generador de variabilidad genética en los organismos eucariotas con reproducción sexual, ya que produce nuevas combinaciones alélicas. Es un tipo de división celular especializada que consiste en dos rondas de segregación cromosómica consecutivas sin fase de replicación entre ellas. De esta forma, se generan células haploides que, tras un proceso de diferenciación, darán lugar a los gametos. Tras la fecundación, mediante la que se produce la fusión de los gametos masculino y femenino, se forma un zigoto con el número cromosómico de los parentales. La meiosises un proceso de elevada complejidad, no sólo por las moléculas que participan y regulan esta división, sino también por el intrincado mecanismo por el cual los cromosomas homólogos se mueven en el núcleo buscándose y reconociéndose. En los momentos iniciales de la meiosis, durante la profase I, la envoltura nuclear(NE, nuclear envelope) cobra mucha importancia y, por extensión, las proteínas localizadas en ella. Diversas investigaciones previas, realizadas en diferentes organismos modelo, incluyendo Arabidopsis thaliana, han demostrado la participación de las proteínas SUN en el anclaje de los telómeros a la NE, permitiendo el desplazamiento sobre su superficie. Estas proteínas forman parte de los complejos de interacción núcleocito esqueleto(LINC, linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton), los cuales conectan deforma física el citoesqueleto con el interior nuclear, en este caso con los propios cromosomas. En este contexto planteamos la hipótesis de que otros complejos proteicos localizados en la envoltura o en la periferia nuclear podrían estar involucrados en esa dinámica cromosómica o en otras funciones relevantes durante la división meiótica. Por ello, el objetivo principal de la presente tesis es analizar en profundidad la función meiótica de estructuras como el complejo del poro nuclear (NPC, nuclear pore complex), la lámina nuclear y los complejos LINC o proteínas asociadas a estos...
Meiosis increases genetic variability in eukaryotes with sexual reproduction since new allelic combinations appear through this process. It is a special type of cell division based on two rounds of chromosome segregation with no DNA replication between them. By this division, haploid gametes are formed in the germ line, and fertilization of the egg by the sperm restores the chromosome number in the progeny. Meiosis is highly complex, not only because of the molecules that are involved and regulate this division but also due to the intricate mechanism by which homologous chromosomes move in the nucleus searching for and recognizing each other. During prophase I, the nuclear envelope (NE) becomes critical together with the proteins that are localized in this double membrane. Previous research works in model organisms, including Arabidopsis thaliana, have shown that SUN proteins are involved intelomere anchorage to the NE. This connection allows chromosome movements through the surface of the inner nuclear membrane. SUN proteins are part of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes, which provide a physical bridge between the cytoskeleton and the nucleus, specifically with chromosomes. In this context, we hypothesize that other complexes related to the NE could be involved in this dynamic or even in other meiotic roles. Our main aim is to analyze in detail the meiotic function of complexes like nuclear pore complex (NPC), nuclear lamina, or LINC complexes...
Meiosis increases genetic variability in eukaryotes with sexual reproduction since new allelic combinations appear through this process. It is a special type of cell division based on two rounds of chromosome segregation with no DNA replication between them. By this division, haploid gametes are formed in the germ line, and fertilization of the egg by the sperm restores the chromosome number in the progeny. Meiosis is highly complex, not only because of the molecules that are involved and regulate this division but also due to the intricate mechanism by which homologous chromosomes move in the nucleus searching for and recognizing each other. During prophase I, the nuclear envelope (NE) becomes critical together with the proteins that are localized in this double membrane. Previous research works in model organisms, including Arabidopsis thaliana, have shown that SUN proteins are involved intelomere anchorage to the NE. This connection allows chromosome movements through the surface of the inner nuclear membrane. SUN proteins are part of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes, which provide a physical bridge between the cytoskeleton and the nucleus, specifically with chromosomes. In this context, we hypothesize that other complexes related to the NE could be involved in this dynamic or even in other meiotic roles. Our main aim is to analyze in detail the meiotic function of complexes like nuclear pore complex (NPC), nuclear lamina, or LINC complexes...
Description
Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, leída el 13-12-2022













