Configuración y régimen jurídico de las competencias impropias de los municipios
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2024
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10/05/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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A lo largo de las últimas décadas y derivado de la configuración territorial española, se ha venido desarrollando una actividad competencial por parte de las Administraciones públicas en el ámbito local que no siempre ha dado lugar a criterios coordinados y eficientes, generando de este modo las denominadas competencias impropias ejercidas por la mayoría de los municipios españoles, con el consecuente gasto no obligatorio que ello conlleva para las arcas municipales. La correcta delimitación de la Administración competente para el ejercicio de una determinada competencia no siempre resulta tarea fácil, si bien conlleva importantes consecuencias no solo desde el punto de vista jurídico, sino desde una perspectiva práctica y económica, que debe ir asociada a los principios de eficiencia y eficacia en la prestación de los servicios públicos. Son numerosos los factores que intervienen en la problemática delimitación competencial de los municipios y que generan la existencia de competencias impropias, analizando en el presente trabajo aquellos aspectos que de forma directa participan en dicha situación, para de este modo tratar de buscar soluciones efectivas y válidas. Solo conociendo las causas del problema y valorando la efectividad de las medidas adoptadas, se puede llegar a resultados que satisfagan las necesidades reales de los ayuntamientos españoles. Y es que las modificaciones legislativas operadas sobre el régimen local en los últimos años para afrontar estos problemas ni han dado los frutos esperados, ni han ayudado a conseguir una clarificación competencial de los municipios. La dificultad que implica una necesaria delimitación competencial entre los distintos niveles de gobierno no debe ser óbice para que el legislador busque fórmulas efectivas que consigan llevar a conclusiones prácticas, aunque ello pueda suponer alterar algunos pilares hasta ahora infranqueables en la configuración jurídica de las competencias de las distintas Administraciones públicas.
Over the last few decades, and as a result of Spain's territorial configuration, the local public Administrations have been developing a range of competences that has not always led to coordinated and efficient criteria, thus generating the so-called improper competences exercised by most spanish municipalities, with the consequent non-compulsory expenditure that this entails for the municipal coffers. The correct delimitation of the competent Administration for the exercise of a given competence is not always an easy task, although it has important consequences not only from a legal point of view, but also from a practical and economic perspective, which must be associated with the principles of efficiency and effectiveness in the provision of public services.Numerous factors are involved in the problematic delimitation of municipal competences and generate the existence of improper competences, and this paper analyses those aspects that are directly involved in this situation, in order to seek effective and valid solutions. Only by understanding the causes of the problem and assessing the effectiveness of the measures adopted can we arrive at results that meet the real needs of spanish local city councils. The fact is that the legislative modifications made to the local regime in recent years to tackle these problems have not yielded the expected results, nor have they helped to clarify the powers of the municipalities. The difficulty involved in the necessary delimitation of powers between the different levels of government should not prevent the legislator from seeking effective formulas that lead to practical conclusions, even though this may mean altering some of the pillars that have hitherto been insurmountable in the legal configuration of the powers of the different public Administrations...
Over the last few decades, and as a result of Spain's territorial configuration, the local public Administrations have been developing a range of competences that has not always led to coordinated and efficient criteria, thus generating the so-called improper competences exercised by most spanish municipalities, with the consequent non-compulsory expenditure that this entails for the municipal coffers. The correct delimitation of the competent Administration for the exercise of a given competence is not always an easy task, although it has important consequences not only from a legal point of view, but also from a practical and economic perspective, which must be associated with the principles of efficiency and effectiveness in the provision of public services.Numerous factors are involved in the problematic delimitation of municipal competences and generate the existence of improper competences, and this paper analyses those aspects that are directly involved in this situation, in order to seek effective and valid solutions. Only by understanding the causes of the problem and assessing the effectiveness of the measures adopted can we arrive at results that meet the real needs of spanish local city councils. The fact is that the legislative modifications made to the local regime in recent years to tackle these problems have not yielded the expected results, nor have they helped to clarify the powers of the municipalities. The difficulty involved in the necessary delimitation of powers between the different levels of government should not prevent the legislator from seeking effective formulas that lead to practical conclusions, even though this may mean altering some of the pillars that have hitherto been insurmountable in the legal configuration of the powers of the different public Administrations...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, leída el 10/05/2023