Una nueva aproximación para conseguir el acceso al diagnóstico de la enfermedad fúngica en países de renta media y baja para las personas que viven con el VIH
Loading...
Download
Official URL
Full text at PDC
Publication date
2024
Defense date
25/09/2023
Authors
Advisors (or tutors)
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Citation
Abstract
Las infecciones fúngicas son una de las principales causas de muerte entre las personas que viven con VIH, especialmente en países de renta media y baja. Los agentes etiológicos más frecuentes son Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Pneumocystis jirovecii y Talaromyces marneffei, aunque otras especies también afectan a este grupo de pacientes. Su frecuencia, depende de varios factores, entre ellos aspectos ambientales que favorecen su desarrollo. Sin embargo, uno de los principales determinantes de la infección fúngica en este grupo de pacientes es la carga de la enfermedad avanzada por VIH.La elevada mortalidad que ocasionan las infecciones fúngicas entre las personas que viven con VIH subraya la importancia del diagnóstico rápido. La única técnica que puede proveer rapidez es la histopatología y el uso de tinciones especiales, sin embargo, su sensibilidad es baja y dependiente del observador. La técnica de referencia, el cultivo, tiene una baja sensibilidad y ofrece resultados lentos, por tanto, con escasa utilidad práctica. Actualmente existen pruebas rápidas para la detección de antígenos, específicamente para H. capsulatum y C. neoformans con una alta sensibilidad y especificidad. A pesar de estos avances y del enorme impacto que tiene la enfermedad fúngica, esta continúa siendo un problema de salud pública desentendido, sin financiación y sin estrategias específicas para su contención...
Opportunistic infections remain a major cause of death in HIV-infected patients, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The most frequent etiological agents are Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Pneumocystis jirovecii, and Talaromyces marneffei, although other species can also affect this group of patients. The burden of the fungal infections relies on several factors, including environmental characteristics that make an ecological niche for certain fungi. One of the main determinants of fungal infection among HIV patients is the frequency of advanced HIV disease.The high mortality related with fungal infections among people with HIV is clinically relevant and require a rapid diagnosis. The only technique that can provide speed is the histopathology, and special stains; however, its sensitivity is low and requires laboratory staff with mycology training. The gold standard based on the culture has a low sensitivity and long turnaround time for diagnosis, which can lead to a delayed treatment. In recent years, rapid antigen detection tests have been developed, especially for H. capsulatum and C. neoformans, which have shown a high specificity and specificity. Although recent advances have improved the diagnosis of fungal infections it continues to be a neglected issue in public health, without funding and specific strategies for its containment...
Opportunistic infections remain a major cause of death in HIV-infected patients, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The most frequent etiological agents are Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Pneumocystis jirovecii, and Talaromyces marneffei, although other species can also affect this group of patients. The burden of the fungal infections relies on several factors, including environmental characteristics that make an ecological niche for certain fungi. One of the main determinants of fungal infection among HIV patients is the frequency of advanced HIV disease.The high mortality related with fungal infections among people with HIV is clinically relevant and require a rapid diagnosis. The only technique that can provide speed is the histopathology, and special stains; however, its sensitivity is low and requires laboratory staff with mycology training. The gold standard based on the culture has a low sensitivity and long turnaround time for diagnosis, which can lead to a delayed treatment. In recent years, rapid antigen detection tests have been developed, especially for H. capsulatum and C. neoformans, which have shown a high specificity and specificity. Although recent advances have improved the diagnosis of fungal infections it continues to be a neglected issue in public health, without funding and specific strategies for its containment...
Description
Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, leída el 25-09-2023. Tesis formato europeo (compendio de artículos)