Optimización de técnicas petrológicas de monitorización eruptiva: contribuciones a la reducción del riesgo durante una erupción volcánica
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2025
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Este trabajo de fin de máster se centra en la optimización de técnicas petrológicas para el monitoreo de erupciones volcánicas, utilizando como caso de estudio la erupción de La Palma en 2021. El objetivo principal es mejorar la capacidad de respuesta ante futuras erupciones en Canarias, proponiendo protocolos más eficientes para la toma de muestras, sus análisis petrológicos y envío de información a científicos y gestores. Se analizaron en laboratorios del IGME-CSIC y la UCM muestras de lava de la erupción de La Palma de 2021 mediante técnicas avanzadas como EPMA, SEM y LA-ICP-MS, que permitieron obtener información detallada sobre la composición química y textural de los minerales. Los resultados mostraron cambios en la composición del magma durante la erupción, pasando de tefritas a basanitas, lo que refleja su evolución. Se proponen mejoras en los protocolos de muestreo y análisis petrológico, reduciendo el tiempo de obtención y entrega de resultados a 4-5 días. Además, se identificaron puntos críticos, como la logística de transporte y la necesidad de capacitación del personal, y se sugieren soluciones para optimizar la respuesta ante futuras emergencias. En conclusión, este trabajo demuestra que el monitoreo petrológico en tiempo casi real es una herramienta factible en futuras erupciones en Canarias, esencial para reducir el riesgo durante erupciones volcánicas, y que puede contribuir a una gestión más eficiente y segura de las emergencias volcánicas.
This master's thesis focuses on the optimization of petrological techniques for monitoring volcanic eruptions, using as a case study the eruption of La Palma in 2021. The main objective is to improve the response capacity to future eruptions in the Canary Islands, proposing more efficient protocols for sample collection, petrological analysis and delivery of information to scientists and emergency managers. Lava samples from the 2021 La Palma eruption were analyzed in IGME-CSIC and UCM laboratories using advanced techniques such as EPMA, SEM and LA-ICP-MS, which resulted in obtaining detailed information on the chemical and textural composition of minerals. The results showed changes in magma composition during the eruption from tephrites to basanites rocks, reflecting its evolution. The proposed improvements in the sampling and petrological analysis protocols in this report aim at reducing the time to obtain and deliver results to 4-5 days. In addition, critical points were identified, such as transportation logistics and the need for personnel training, and solutions are suggested to optimize the response time to future emergencies. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that near real-time petrological monitoring is a feasible tool in future eruptions in the Canary Islands, essential to reduce the risk during volcanic eruptions, and could contribute to a more efficient and safer management of volcanic emergencies.
This master's thesis focuses on the optimization of petrological techniques for monitoring volcanic eruptions, using as a case study the eruption of La Palma in 2021. The main objective is to improve the response capacity to future eruptions in the Canary Islands, proposing more efficient protocols for sample collection, petrological analysis and delivery of information to scientists and emergency managers. Lava samples from the 2021 La Palma eruption were analyzed in IGME-CSIC and UCM laboratories using advanced techniques such as EPMA, SEM and LA-ICP-MS, which resulted in obtaining detailed information on the chemical and textural composition of minerals. The results showed changes in magma composition during the eruption from tephrites to basanites rocks, reflecting its evolution. The proposed improvements in the sampling and petrological analysis protocols in this report aim at reducing the time to obtain and deliver results to 4-5 days. In addition, critical points were identified, such as transportation logistics and the need for personnel training, and solutions are suggested to optimize the response time to future emergencies. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that near real-time petrological monitoring is a feasible tool in future eruptions in the Canary Islands, essential to reduce the risk during volcanic eruptions, and could contribute to a more efficient and safer management of volcanic emergencies.