Refractive error study in young subjects: results from a rural area in Paraguay

Signes Soler, Isabel; Hernández Verdejo, José Luis; Estrella Lumeras, Miguel Ángel; Tomás Verduras, Elena; Piñero, David Pablo

Refractive error study in young subjects: results from a rural area in Paraguay

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Official URL

http://dx.doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2017.03.22

Publication date

2017

Authors

Signes Soler, Isabel

Hernández Verdejo, José Luis

Estrella Lumeras, Miguel Ángel

Tomás Verduras, Elena

Piñero, David Pablo

Publisher

Press of International Journal of Ophthalmology

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URI

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/18051

Citation

Signes Soler, I., Hernández-Verdejo, J. L., Estrella Lumeras, M. Á. et al. «Refractive Error Study in Young Subjects: Results from a Rural Area in Paraguay». International Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 10, n.o 3, marzo de 2017, pp. 467-72. www.ijo.cn, https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2017.03.22.

Abstract

AIM: To evaluate the distribution of refractive error in young subjects in a rural area of Paraguay in the context of an international cooperation campaign for the prevention of blindness. METHODS: A sample of 1466 young subjects (ranging from 3 to 22 years old), with a mean age of 11.21±3.63 years old, were examined to assess their distance visual acuity (VA) and refractive error. The first screening examination performed by trained volunteers, included visual acuity testing, autokeratometry and non-cycloplegic autorefraction. Inclusion criteria for a second complete cycloplegic eye examination by an optometrist were VA <20/25 (0.10 logMAR or 0.8 decimal) and/or corneal astigmatism ≥1.50 D. RESULTS: An uncorrected distance VA of 0 logMAR (1.0 decimal) was found in 89.2% of children. VA <20/25 and/or corneal astigmatism ≥1.50 D was found in 3.9% of children (n=57), with a prevalence of hyperopia of 5.2% (0.2% of the total) in this specific group. Furthermore, myopia (spherical equivalent ≤-0.5 D) was found in 37.7% of the refracted children (0.5% of the total). The prevalence of refractive astigmatism (cylinder ≤-1.50 D) was 15.8% (0.6% of the total). Visual impairment (VI) (0.05≤VA≤0.3) was found in 12/114 (0.4%) of the refracted eyes. Main causes for VI were refractive error (58%), retinal problems (17%, 2/12), albinism (17%, 2/12) and unknown (8%, 1/12). CONCLUSION: A low prevalence of refractive error has been found in this rural area of Paraguay, with higher prevalence of myopia than of hyperopia.