Déficit de atención e hiperactividad en adultos con adicción a sustancias: ¿TDAH o síndrome secundario al abuso de sustancias?
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2009
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Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias (AESED)
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Pedrero-Pérez, E., Puerta-García, C., Rojo-Mota, G., Ruiz-Sánchez de León, J. M., Llanero-Luque, M. y Olivar-Arroyo, A. (2009). Déficit de atención e hiperactividad en adultos con adicción a sustancias: ¿TDAH o síndrome secundario al abuso de sustancias?. Revista Española de Drogodependencias, 34(1), 32-45.
Abstract
Existe un cuerpo de investigación, sometido a fuertes intereses comerciales, para considerar la existencia del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) en adultos, que informa de presuntas prevalencias muy elevadas en población adicta. Otros estudios sugieren cifras mucho menores y más acordes con las observadas en población infantil, utilizando todos, y no sólo algunos, de los criterios diagnósticos establecidos. Puesto que el diagnóstico en el momento actual debe ser meramente sindrómico, los síntomas manifestados por los afectados son de interés crucial. A partir de diversos autoinformes de síntomas de TDAH (ASRS de la OMS), de disfunción ejecutiva (DEx, FrSBe) y de condiciones asociadas (MCMI-II, DII-Short), los datos del presente estudio muestran que es más probable que los síntomas de inatención e hiperactividad observados en sujetos adictos en tratamiento se deban a efectos derivados de la adicción que a condiciones mórbidas previas al abuso de sustancias.
There is a substantial amount of research, related to strong commercial interests, defending the existence of the attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. This line of scientific research usually displays a high prevalence of this disorder in addicted individuals. On the other hand, some studies show smaller percentages, in agreement with those found in children, applying all of the established diagnosis criteria. As current diagnosis can only be established in a syndromic way, there is a core interest in those symptoms mentioned by affected individuals. Subjects in this study were asked to fill several self-assessment questionnaires about different ADHD symptoms (WHO’s ASRS), executive dysfunction (DEx, FrSBe) and associate conditions (MCMI-II, DII-Short). Resulting data showed a higher probability that observed symptoms of lack of attention and hyperactivity in addicted subjects may be related to addiction itself, rather than any previous morbid condition.
There is a substantial amount of research, related to strong commercial interests, defending the existence of the attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. This line of scientific research usually displays a high prevalence of this disorder in addicted individuals. On the other hand, some studies show smaller percentages, in agreement with those found in children, applying all of the established diagnosis criteria. As current diagnosis can only be established in a syndromic way, there is a core interest in those symptoms mentioned by affected individuals. Subjects in this study were asked to fill several self-assessment questionnaires about different ADHD symptoms (WHO’s ASRS), executive dysfunction (DEx, FrSBe) and associate conditions (MCMI-II, DII-Short). Resulting data showed a higher probability that observed symptoms of lack of attention and hyperactivity in addicted subjects may be related to addiction itself, rather than any previous morbid condition.