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First clinical cases of leishmaniosis in meerkats (Suricata suricatta) housed in wildlife parks in Madrid, Spain

dc.contributor.authorMoraleda Berral, Pablo
dc.contributor.authorGálvez Esteban, Rosa María
dc.contributor.authorMartínez Nevado, Eva
dc.contributor.authorPérez de Quadros, Lino
dc.contributor.authorGarcía, Juncal
dc.contributor.authorDe la Riva Fraga, Manuel
dc.contributor.authorBarrera, Juan Pedro
dc.contributor.authorEstévez Sánchez, Efrén
dc.contributor.authorCano, Lourdes
dc.contributor.authorCheca Herráiz, Rocío
dc.contributor.authorJiménez Martínez, María de los Ángeles
dc.contributor.authorMontoya Matute, Ana
dc.contributor.authorMiró Corrales, Guadalupe
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-24T15:46:39Z
dc.date.available2025-02-24T15:46:39Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionAuthor Contributions: This study was developed and drafted by P.M.B. G.M. and E.M.N. proposed and designed the study. The manuscript was supervised by G.M., R.G., and E.M.N. L.P.Q., E.M.N., R.G., A.M., and G.M. coordinated, participated, and finalized the manuscript. E.M.N. and J.G., as Madrid Zoo’s veterinarians, performed the sample collection of cases 1 to 5. L.P.Q. and M.R.F., as Faunia’s veterinarians, carried out sample collection of cases 6 and 7 and applied treatments and follow-up of case 7. P.M.B., A.M., J.P.B., E.E.S., L.C., and R.C. participated in the diagnostic assays and were involved in the data interpretation. P.M.B., J.P.B., E.E.S., and L.C. carried out the molecular procedures. M.Á.J.M. performed the histopathological diagnosis of cases 1, 3, and 4 and finalized the manuscript. J.P.B., E.E.S., and R.C. helped with the manuscript draft. P.M.B., A.M., and R.G. performed the entomological study. A.M., E.M.N., R.G., and G.M. reviewed the final manuscript. All authors read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
dc.description.abstractBackground: In recent years, cases of leishmaniosis have been described in animals housed in captivity in zoos in Spain [Bennett’s wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus), orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus pygameus), and European otter (Lutra lutra)]. Some of these zoological parks are in endemic areas for both human and animal leishmaniosis, thus it should be very important to include this zoonosis in the differential diagnosis. Methods: The study was carried out in two zoological parks in Madrid, Madrid Zoo and Faunia, and analyzed seven meerkats. Serological tests [rK-39 and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)] and molecular tests [nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR] were performed to detect Leishmania DNA. Additionally, an entomological study was carried out in both zoological parks, with molecular tests performed on female Phlebotomus perniciosus sand flies to determine their blood meal source and detect Leishmania DNA. Results: Two meerkats were positive for L. infantum. A 9-year-old male from the Madrid Zoo died suddenly, showing pale mucous membranes and bilateral noninflammatory alopecia and hyperpigmentation in the lateral area of the eyes. Positive results were obtained in serology, nested PCR, and real-time PCR (blood, conjunctival and oral swabs, hair, spleen, lymph node, liver, kidney, and skin), as well as numerous amastigotes in the liver and kidney tissue samples. The other meerkat, a 12-year-old male from Faunia that is still alive, presented an alopecic lesion at the base of the tail. Positive results were obtained by nested and real-time PCR from different tissues such as blood, hair, oral, and conjunctival swabs. It was treated with oral allopurinol (25 mg/kg) and miltefosine (2 mg/kg), but the molecular diagnosis remained positive after 8 months, regarding it as a mild stage of the disease. The rest of the tested meerkats were negative. The presence of P. perniciosus phlebotomine sand flies was also detected in both zoos. Although no L. infantum DNA was detected in any of sand flies analyzed, it was determined that their food sources were rabbits and humans. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study describes, for the first time, the detection and infection by L. infantum in meerkats (Suricata suricatta).
dc.description.departmentDepto. de Medicina y Cirugía Animal
dc.description.departmentDepto. de Sanidad Animal
dc.description.departmentDepto. de Microbiología y Parasitología
dc.description.facultyFac. de Veterinaria
dc.description.facultyFac. de Farmacia
dc.description.refereedTRUE
dc.description.statuspub
dc.identifier.citationMoraleda-Berral, P., Gálvez, R., Martínez-Nevado, E. et al. First clinical cases of leishmaniosis in meerkats (Suricata suricatta) housed in wildlife parks in Madrid, Spain. Parasites Vectors 18, 31 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06647-1
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s13071-024-06647-1
dc.identifier.essn1756-3305
dc.identifier.officialurlhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06647-1
dc.identifier.pmid39871352
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/118304
dc.issue.number31
dc.journal.titleParasites & Vectors
dc.language.isoeng
dc.page.final11
dc.page.initial1
dc.publisherSpringer Nature. BioMed Central
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.accessRightsopen access
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject.cdu636.09
dc.subject.keywordWild animals
dc.subject.keywordZoological parks
dc.subject.keywordLeishmania infantum
dc.subject.keywordLeishmaniosis
dc.subject.keywordMeerkats
dc.subject.keywordSuricata suricatta
dc.subject.keywordMadrid
dc.subject.keywordSand fies
dc.subject.ucmVeterinaria
dc.subject.unesco3109 Ciencias Veterinarias
dc.titleFirst clinical cases of leishmaniosis in meerkats (Suricata suricatta) housed in wildlife parks in Madrid, Spain
dc.typejournal article
dc.type.hasVersionVoR
dc.volume.number18
dspace.entity.typePublication
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery107b99dd-0456-4962-bcd7-8e54aac2ec38

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First clinical cases of leishmaniosis in meerkats (Suricata suricatta) housed in wildlife parks in Madrid, Spain

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