Motivación, enfoques de trabajo en los deberes escolares y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de educación secundaria obligatoria
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2024
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REUNIDO. Revistas Electrónicas de la Universidad de Oviedo
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Vieites, T., Iglesias, A., Díaz-Freire, F. M., Díaz-Pita, L., & Rodríguez-Llorente, C. (2024). Motivación, enfoques de trabajo en los deberes escolares y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Aula Abierta, 53(3), 229-237. https://doi.org/10.17811/rifie.20555
Abstract
Para que los deberes escolares tengan un efecto positivo en el rendimiento académico del alumnado es fundamental que los estudiantes se impliquen en su realización. La investigación previa se ha centrado con frecuencia en analizar el compromiso conductual del estudiantado con los deberes, pero ha abordado de manera superficial su compromiso motivacional y cognitivo. El objetivo del estudio es analizar las diferencias en el rendimiento académico –calificación promedio en Lengua Española, Lengua Inglesa y Matemáticas– de estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) en función de distintas variables motivacionales –motivación intrínseca, interés, utilidad percibida y actitud– y cognitivas –enfoque de trabajo profundo y superficial– relativas a los deberes, atendiendo a posibles diferencias según el género y el curso. Participaron 677 estudiantes de ESO pertenecientes a 11 centros educativos de Galicia. Los resultados apuntan a que los alumnos y alumnas con mejor rendimiento académico puntúan más alto en interés, actitud, motivación intrínseca, percepción de utilidad y enfoque profundo en los deberes que aquellos con una implicación media o baja. Asimismo, las alumnas se mostrarían más implicadas motivacional y cognitivamente que sus compañeros varones. Finalmente, la motivación y la adopción de un enfoque de trabajo profundo disminuyen a lo largo de la ESO.
For homework to positively affect students’ academic performance, students must be engaged in it. Previous research has mostly fo-cused on analyzing students’ behavioral engagement with homework but has superficially addressed their motivational and cognitive engagement. The aim of the study was to analyze the differences in the academic performance –average score in Spanish, English, and Mathematics– of students in Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO) according to different motivational –intrinsic motivation, inter-est, perceived usefulness, and attitude–, and cognitive –deep and shallow work approach– variables related to homework, taking into account possible differences according to gender and grade. A total of 677 ESO students from 11 schools in Galicia (Spain) participated in the study. The results suggest that students with better academic performance scored higher in interest, attitude, intrinsic motivation, perceived usefulness and deep approach to homework than those with a medium or low involvement. Likewise, female students would be more motivationally and cognitively involved than their male peers. Finally, motivation and the adoption of a deep work approach decrease throughout this educational stage.
For homework to positively affect students’ academic performance, students must be engaged in it. Previous research has mostly fo-cused on analyzing students’ behavioral engagement with homework but has superficially addressed their motivational and cognitive engagement. The aim of the study was to analyze the differences in the academic performance –average score in Spanish, English, and Mathematics– of students in Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO) according to different motivational –intrinsic motivation, inter-est, perceived usefulness, and attitude–, and cognitive –deep and shallow work approach– variables related to homework, taking into account possible differences according to gender and grade. A total of 677 ESO students from 11 schools in Galicia (Spain) participated in the study. The results suggest that students with better academic performance scored higher in interest, attitude, intrinsic motivation, perceived usefulness and deep approach to homework than those with a medium or low involvement. Likewise, female students would be more motivationally and cognitively involved than their male peers. Finally, motivation and the adoption of a deep work approach decrease throughout this educational stage.