Evaluación científica de los productos de higiene oral en las enfermedades periodontales
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2016
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28/01/2016
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Antecedentes. El objetivo del uso de los productos de higiene oral con antisépticos es el de conseguir un adecuado control del biofilm supragingival que minimice el riesgo de aparición de gingivitis, de forma primaria, y de periodontitis, de manera secundaria. Objetivos. Los objetivos de la presente serie de publicaciones son evaluar, a través de una revisión sistemática, la eficacia de los productos de higiene oral con antisépticos en el manejo de la gingivitis (Estudio 1) y evidenciar qué productos son más útiles en el control de placa a través del meta-‐análisis en red (Estudio 2). Asimismo, se pretende evaluar la eficacia clínica y microbiológica de un colutorio de clorhexidina y cloruro de cetilpiridinio (CPC) a baja dosis, en una población específica como son los pacientes en mantenimiento periodontal con mal control de placa (Estudio 3). Material y Métodos. Resultados. Estudio 1. Para el primer objetivo se analizaron, a través de una revisión sistemática con meta-‐análisis, los ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados publicados hasta 2014, de más de 6 meses de duración. Se incluyeron 87 artículos que incluían 133 comparativas. El efecto adicional de los productos evaluados fue estadísticamente significativo para el índice gingival de Löe y Silness (46 comparaciones, diferencia de medias ponderadas [WMD] -‐0,217), para el índice gingival modificado (n=23, -‐0,415), para el índice de severidad de gingivitis (N=26, -‐14,939%) o para el índice de sangrado (n=23, -‐7,626%), con unos niveles de heterogeneidad significativos. En cuanto a los niveles de placa, se encontró un beneficio adicional para el índice de Turesky (66 estudios, WMD -‐0,475), para el índice de Silness y Löe (n=26, -‐0,109) y para el índice de severidad de placa (n=12, -‐23,4%), con una heterogeneidad significativa igualmente para estos índices...
Background. Gingivitis and periodontitis are highly prevalent diseases, and their prevention depends on supragingival biofilm control. Physical disruption and elimination of dental biofilm can be effectively accomplished with the use of mechanical devices (manual or powered toothbrushes, interdental brushes, dental floss, etc.). However, mechanical biofilm removal has several limitations, including: limited time of usage, limited use of interdental cleaning, tendency to return to baseline plaque levels in patients instructed in oral hygiene procedures, lack of mechanical control of other oral biofilms different from dental plaque, etc. As mechanical biofilm removal is not always as good as desire, chemical oral hygiene products have been developed and marked to improve the efficacy of self-‐performed biofilm control. Prevention of periodontal diseases is based on supragingival biofilm control, by means of mechanical and/or chemical oral hygiene products, that are able to limit gingivitis onset. Prevention of periodontitis assumes that a healthy periodontium (without gingivitis) will not develop periodontitis. The adjunctive use of chemical plaque control may be required in those subjects who are not able to effectively remove supragingival biofilms by the sole use of mechanical procedures which, in addition, reduce the amount of biofilm and disrupt its structure. The use of chemical agents (especially antiseptics) to control plaque and gingivitis levels has been widely evaluated. The efficacy of different formulations has been reported in several systematic reviews. However, none of the available systematic reviews have analysed a wide variety of agents. Most of them just focused on one specific agent or a limited group of agents...
Background. Gingivitis and periodontitis are highly prevalent diseases, and their prevention depends on supragingival biofilm control. Physical disruption and elimination of dental biofilm can be effectively accomplished with the use of mechanical devices (manual or powered toothbrushes, interdental brushes, dental floss, etc.). However, mechanical biofilm removal has several limitations, including: limited time of usage, limited use of interdental cleaning, tendency to return to baseline plaque levels in patients instructed in oral hygiene procedures, lack of mechanical control of other oral biofilms different from dental plaque, etc. As mechanical biofilm removal is not always as good as desire, chemical oral hygiene products have been developed and marked to improve the efficacy of self-‐performed biofilm control. Prevention of periodontal diseases is based on supragingival biofilm control, by means of mechanical and/or chemical oral hygiene products, that are able to limit gingivitis onset. Prevention of periodontitis assumes that a healthy periodontium (without gingivitis) will not develop periodontitis. The adjunctive use of chemical plaque control may be required in those subjects who are not able to effectively remove supragingival biofilms by the sole use of mechanical procedures which, in addition, reduce the amount of biofilm and disrupt its structure. The use of chemical agents (especially antiseptics) to control plaque and gingivitis levels has been widely evaluated. The efficacy of different formulations has been reported in several systematic reviews. However, none of the available systematic reviews have analysed a wide variety of agents. Most of them just focused on one specific agent or a limited group of agents...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid de la Facultad de Odontología del Departamento de Estomatología III (Medicina y Cirugía Bucofacial), leída el 28-01-2016