Las políticas de salud materno-infantil en la Sección Femenina y la Secretaría Nacional de la Mujer y CEMA-Chile en las dictaduras de Franco (1939-1975) y Pinochet (1973-1989)
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2025
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18/06/2025
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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“Madres en la ruralidad. Las políticas de salud materno-infantil en la Sección Femenina y la Secretaría Nacional de la Mujer y CEMA-Chile en las dictaduras de Franco (1939-1975) y Pinochet (1973-1989)”. Durante las dictaduras de Franco y Pinochet se implementaron políticas demográficas pronatalistas que tuvieron un impacto en la manera en que ambos regímenes concibieron la maternidad. Para conseguir su objetivo, Sección Femenina en el caso español y la Secretaría Nacional de la Mujer y la Fundación CEMA-Chile para el caso chileno fueron las instituciones femeninas que desplegaron actuaciones para controlar a las mujeres españolas y chilenas, respectivamente. Sin embargo, las falangistas y las mujeres integrantes de la Secretaría habían mantenido una importante relación que antecedía por décadas el inicio del régimen de Pinochet. El principal objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la influencia de los discursos y las políticas de salud materno-infantil en la construcción de la maternidad de las mujeres de los sectores rurales de España y de Chile durante la dictadura de Franco y Pinochet. Para ello, es necesario comprender el ideal de madre que ambos regímenes promovían a través de sus políticas de salud materno-infantil y conocer el mandato familiar hegemónico que se aceptaba. Asimismo, es necesario reconocer los discursos y las políticas de salud materno-infantil ejecutadas durante el franquismo y el pinochetismo y la manera en que se implementaron en las mujeres del mundo rural de ambos países. De este modo, se busca profundizar en los discursos médicos e institucionales sobre la maternidad, no sólo durante ambas dictaduras, sino igualmente en las décadas previas del siglo XX...
“Mothers in rurality. Maternal and child health policies in the Sección Femenina and the Secretaría Nacional de la Mujer and CEMA-Chile during the dictatorships of Franco (1939-1975) and Pinochet (1973-1989)”.During the Franco and Pinochet dictatorships, pro-natalist demographic policies were implemented, shaping how both regimes conceptualized motherhood. To achieve their objectives, women’s institutions such as Sección Femenina in Spain and the Secretaría Nacional de la Mujer alongside the Fundación CEMA-Chile in Chile undertook actions aimed at controlling Spanish and Chilean woman, respectively. However, the Falangist women and members of the Secretaría had maintained a significant relationship that dated back decades before the start of the Pinochet regime.The main objective of this research is to analyse the influence of maternal and child health discourses and policies on the construction of the motherhood among women in rural Spain and Chile during the Franco and Pinochet dictatorships. To achieve this, it is essential to examine the ideal of motherhood promoted by both regimes through their maternal and child health policies, as well as the hegemonic family model they sought to impose. Additionally, this study seeks to identify the discourses and policies on maternal and child health implemented during the Franco and Pinochet regimes and how these were specifically applied to rural women in both countries. By doing so, the research aims to explore the medical and institutional discourses on motherhood, not only during these dictatorships but also in the preceding decades of the 20th century...
“Mothers in rurality. Maternal and child health policies in the Sección Femenina and the Secretaría Nacional de la Mujer and CEMA-Chile during the dictatorships of Franco (1939-1975) and Pinochet (1973-1989)”.During the Franco and Pinochet dictatorships, pro-natalist demographic policies were implemented, shaping how both regimes conceptualized motherhood. To achieve their objectives, women’s institutions such as Sección Femenina in Spain and the Secretaría Nacional de la Mujer alongside the Fundación CEMA-Chile in Chile undertook actions aimed at controlling Spanish and Chilean woman, respectively. However, the Falangist women and members of the Secretaría had maintained a significant relationship that dated back decades before the start of the Pinochet regime.The main objective of this research is to analyse the influence of maternal and child health discourses and policies on the construction of the motherhood among women in rural Spain and Chile during the Franco and Pinochet dictatorships. To achieve this, it is essential to examine the ideal of motherhood promoted by both regimes through their maternal and child health policies, as well as the hegemonic family model they sought to impose. Additionally, this study seeks to identify the discourses and policies on maternal and child health implemented during the Franco and Pinochet regimes and how these were specifically applied to rural women in both countries. By doing so, the research aims to explore the medical and institutional discourses on motherhood, not only during these dictatorships but also in the preceding decades of the 20th century...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, leída el 18-06-2025













