Body stalk anomalies and their relationship to amniotic band disruption complex in six cats

Abstract

Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the appearance of body stalk anomalies (BSAs) and amniotic band disruption complex (ABDC) in cats (Felis catus), classify these congenital conditions using a system originally developed for humans and pigs, and provide new insights into the aetiopathogenesis. Methods. Six cats suspected of having BSAs and/or ABDC were examined. The classification system for BSA, which includes eight types, was applied to these cases. Detailed observations were made regarding physical deformities, presence of amniotic adhesions and degree of impairment. A comparative analysis with similar conditions in pigs and humans was carried out to highlight differences and similarities. Results. Two of the eight BSA classifications used in human and porcine congenital anomalies were detected in the six cats. In the studied cases, the degree of severity was lower than in pigs. The abnormalities associated with BSAs were attributed to the effect of amniotic bands on already formed organs or to the disruption of organ development, leading to a cascade of abnormal events. Conclusions and relevance. This study is the first to describe and classify BSAs and ABDC in cats and provides valuable insights into these congenital anomalies. The findings highlight significant differences and similarities between cats and other species, particularly pigs. Understanding the aetiopathogenesis of these conditions is essential to improve clinical management and prognosis. Surgical correction and supportive care can improve the quality of life of affected cats, depending on the severity of the condition. Continued research and collaboration are essential to advance the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of BSAs and ABDC in cats, with wider implications for congenital anomalies across species.