Isotopic studies in South American mammals: thirty years of paleoecological discoveries

Abstract

Stable isotope analysis has become a key tool in paleontology, providing insights into ancient diets, ecosystems, climates, and environmental shifts. Despite the growing importance of isotopic studies in South America, no comprehensive bibliometric review has been conducted until now. This study addresses that gap, analyzing the development of the field over the past thirty years. Our results show a rapidly expanding discipline, especially in the last five years, with increasing publication rates and participation from South American researchers, particularly in Brazil and Argentina. However, the analysis also reveals persistent biases: notably, a strong focus on the Quaternary period, which limits broader evolutionary interpretations. Keyword co-occurrence points to dominant themes such as paleodiet, paleoecology, and megafaunal extinction, while highlighting new trends like ecological niche modeling and nitrogen isotope applications. The co-authorship network reflects high levels of collaboration, particularly with Spain and the United States. A marked gender imbalance in authorship is also evident, calling attention to the need for greater inclusivity. This review emphasizes the importance of addressing taxonomic and temporal gaps, strengthening interdisciplinary and international networks, and promoting equity in order to ensure the continued growth and global relevance of isotopic paleontology in South America.