Eficacia y eficiencia como dimensiones de la calidad de la educación en Colombia
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2021
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Abstract
La amplia base de conocimiento a nivel internacional respecto a la eficacia escolar, difiere del contexto colombiano en el que el uso de este concepto se asocia a indicadores de eficiencia, derivados de la tradición que tiende a relacionar la calidad únicamente con los sistemas de financiación de la educación. El estudio tiene dos propósitos, el primero, identificar factores de eficacia que caracterizan los resultados de los estudiantes que finalizan el ciclo de educación técnica y tecnológica en Colombia, y el segundo, analizar su relación con los indicadores de eficiencia que dominan los discursos e informes de rendición de cuentas del servicio educativo y las investigaciones que se realizan en este campo. Para la definición operativa de estos dos constructos se parte de los modelos derivados de las investigaciones a nivel de eficacia escolar que han determinado el desarrollo de esta línea de investigación y los principales referentes normativos de la administración del servicio educativo en el país, comparados con los resultados de los estudiantes en la aplicación de la prueba nacional Saber TyT, en las vigencias 2016, 2017 y 2018. Los resultados de este ejercicio investigativo dan cuenta del abordaje que se le ha dado a las políticas educativas en Colombia mediante el empleo de indicadores de eficiencia, de la incapacidad del estado para garantizar el derecho a la educación de toda la población, así como, del nivel de eficacia y de los actuales desafíos de la prestación de servicio educativo que ello representa. Se concluye que hay oportunidades de mejora sustentadas en la evolución que ha tenido desde la Constitución Política de 1.991 que marca un hito importante de la reforma educativa del país al fundamentar el derecho a la educación y operacionalizar acciones de transformación del sistema educativo colombiano con base en evaluaciones sistemáticas de sus resultados.
The broad international knowledge base regarding school effectiveness differs from Colombian context in which the use of this concept is associated with efficiency indicators derived from the tradition that tends to relate quality only to the financing systems of schools. The study has two purposes, the first, to identify efficiency factors that characterize the results of the students who finish the cycle of technical and technological education in Colombia, and un second, to analyze their relationship with the efficiency indicators that dominate the speeches and reports accountability of the educational service and research carried out in this field. For the operational definition of these two constructs, we start from the models derived from the research at the level of school effectiveness that have determined the development of this line of research and the mail normative referents of the administration of the educational service in the country, compared with the results of the students in the application of the national test Saber TyT test, in validity 2016, 2017 and 2018. The results of this research exercise account for the approach that has been given to educational policies in Colombia through the use of indicators of efficiency, the inability of the state to guarantee the right to education of the entire population, as well as the level of effectiveness and the current challenges of provision of educational services that this represents. It is concluded that there are opportunities for improvement based on the evolution that it has had since the 1991 Political Constitution, which marks and important milestone in the country’s educational reform by stablishing the right to education and operationalizing actions to transform the Colombian educational system based on systematic evaluations of their results.
The broad international knowledge base regarding school effectiveness differs from Colombian context in which the use of this concept is associated with efficiency indicators derived from the tradition that tends to relate quality only to the financing systems of schools. The study has two purposes, the first, to identify efficiency factors that characterize the results of the students who finish the cycle of technical and technological education in Colombia, and un second, to analyze their relationship with the efficiency indicators that dominate the speeches and reports accountability of the educational service and research carried out in this field. For the operational definition of these two constructs, we start from the models derived from the research at the level of school effectiveness that have determined the development of this line of research and the mail normative referents of the administration of the educational service in the country, compared with the results of the students in the application of the national test Saber TyT test, in validity 2016, 2017 and 2018. The results of this research exercise account for the approach that has been given to educational policies in Colombia through the use of indicators of efficiency, the inability of the state to guarantee the right to education of the entire population, as well as the level of effectiveness and the current challenges of provision of educational services that this represents. It is concluded that there are opportunities for improvement based on the evolution that it has had since the 1991 Political Constitution, which marks and important milestone in the country’s educational reform by stablishing the right to education and operationalizing actions to transform the Colombian educational system based on systematic evaluations of their results.