Prevención y reprensión de la financiación del terrorismo
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2024
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Abstract
En este trabajo se examinan las características de las organizaciones terroristas que inciden sobre su financiación. Se destaca la complejidad de su estructura; se señala que sus fuentes de financiación no son específicas y que sólo son identificables por su finalidad y no por su naturaleza; se examinan los factores que determinan el mix de fuentes seleccionado en cada organización terrorista; y se muestra que ese mix tiene una estructura variable a lo largo del tiempo y que su rendimiento es también irregular. Estos aspectos no han sido tenidos en cuenta en el diseño del sistema de prevención y represión de la financiación del terrorismo. Un sistema basado en el caso de los atentados del 11-S en Estados Unidos, que gravita sobre el bloqueo de activos y los métodos de lucha contra el blanqueo de capitales. Su ineficacia ha sido notoria. Además, muchos Estados han contribuido a las finanzas terroristas mediante las ayudas sociales y las ayudas al desarrollo; y también con el pago de rescates en los casos de secuestro. El trabajo concluye con algunas propuestas de cambio en ese sistema.
ABSTRACT: This work examines the characteristics of terrorist organizations that affect their financing. The complexity of its structure stands out; it is noted that its financing sources are not specific and that they are only identifiable by their purpose and not by their nature; the factors that determine the mix of sources selected in each terrorist organization are examined; and it is shown that this mix has a variable structure over time and that its performance is also irregular. These aspects have not been taken into account in the design of the system for the prevention and repression of terrorist financing. A system based on the case of the 9/11 attacks in the United States, which focuses on the blocking of assets and methods of combating money laundering. Its ineffectiveness has been notorious. Furthermore, many States have contributed to terrorist finances through social assistance and development aid; and also with the payment of ransoms in cases of kidnapping. The work concludes with some proposals for change in this system.
ABSTRACT: This work examines the characteristics of terrorist organizations that affect their financing. The complexity of its structure stands out; it is noted that its financing sources are not specific and that they are only identifiable by their purpose and not by their nature; the factors that determine the mix of sources selected in each terrorist organization are examined; and it is shown that this mix has a variable structure over time and that its performance is also irregular. These aspects have not been taken into account in the design of the system for the prevention and repression of terrorist financing. A system based on the case of the 9/11 attacks in the United States, which focuses on the blocking of assets and methods of combating money laundering. Its ineffectiveness has been notorious. Furthermore, many States have contributed to terrorist finances through social assistance and development aid; and also with the payment of ransoms in cases of kidnapping. The work concludes with some proposals for change in this system.
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Ponencia presentada en el Comité de Lucha contra el Terrorismo del Modelo de Naciones Unidas de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, celebrado en Móstoles (Madrid) en febrero de 2024