Cladistique et paléontologie. Application à la phylogénie des Ochotonidés européens (Lagomorpha, Mammalia)
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1978
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Société Géologique de France
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Abstract
Ce travail est un essai d'application de la méthode systématique phylogénique, dite cladistique, à l'étude de
l'évolution des Micromammifères fossiles. Les Ochotonidés ont été choisis à cause de leurs révisions récentes [Tobien, 1974 et 1975;
Lopez Martinez, 1974 et 1977 ; Lopez Martinez et Thaler, 1975). Les 25 taxons connus d'Ochotonidés européens ont été divisés en
deux groupes, en vue de faciliter l'analyse. A partir du cladogramme du minimum de convergences, nous avons identifié les ancêtres
des groupes frères et reconstitué les lignées spécifiques. La confronta lion avec la chronologie, et l' utilisation des caractères variables
à l'intérieur des taxons nous donnent la possibilité de tester l'hypothèse phylogénique proposée. L'arbre phylogénique peut être
donc, à notre avis, une hypothèse scientifique dans un sens popperien. Les caractères dentaires utilisés ont été analysés par la
méthode Lequesne [1969] pour évaluer leur contenu d'information phylétique
This work is basically an essay of the phylogenetic systematic methodology, or cladism, applied to the evolution of micromammals, and based on fossil remains. The Ochotonidae have been selected because of the possibility of comparison with recent rcvisions (Tobien, 1974 and 1975; Lopez Martinez, 1975 and 1977; Lopez Martinez & Thaler, 1975]. The 25 taxa of european Ochotonids have been clivided in two groups, for the purposes of the analysis. On the basis of the cladogram with the minimum number of convergences, the ancestors of the sist er groups have becn identifled, and the specific lineages have been reconstructed. The comparison with the known chronology of the fossil forms, and the analysis of the charaeters that vary within taxa, not used in the construction of the cladogram, allows the falsification of the phylogenctic hypothesis. Thus the phylogenetic trees can be, in our opinion, a scientiflc hypothesis in a llopperian sense. The dental characters used in this study have been analysed under the methodology of Lequesne [1969), in order to evaluate their information contents.
This work is basically an essay of the phylogenetic systematic methodology, or cladism, applied to the evolution of micromammals, and based on fossil remains. The Ochotonidae have been selected because of the possibility of comparison with recent rcvisions (Tobien, 1974 and 1975; Lopez Martinez, 1975 and 1977; Lopez Martinez & Thaler, 1975]. The 25 taxa of european Ochotonids have been clivided in two groups, for the purposes of the analysis. On the basis of the cladogram with the minimum number of convergences, the ancestors of the sist er groups have becn identifled, and the specific lineages have been reconstructed. The comparison with the known chronology of the fossil forms, and the analysis of the charaeters that vary within taxa, not used in the construction of the cladogram, allows the falsification of the phylogenctic hypothesis. Thus the phylogenetic trees can be, in our opinion, a scientiflc hypothesis in a llopperian sense. The dental characters used in this study have been analysed under the methodology of Lequesne [1969), in order to evaluate their information contents.