Publication: El debate sobre la digitalización y la robotización del trabajo (humano) del futuro: automatización de sustitución, pragmatismo tecnológico, automatización de integración y heteromatización
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2021
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Federacion Española de Sociologia
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Abstract
Se realiza una revisión al ‘estado del arte’ de los debates sobre un supuesto desempleo tecnológico masivo en el futuro como consecuencia de la difusión de procesos de digitalización y robotización con las nuevas tecnologías de la Industria 4.0. Se presentan y discuten cuatro enfoques alternativos, pero complementarios, sobre la nueva ola de automatización: automatización de sustitución, pragmatismo tecnológico, automatización de integración y heteromatización. Desde una perspectiva constructivista sobre la tecnología, se cuestionan críticamente algunos argumentos dominantes sobre la desaparición masiva del empleo del futuro, apostando por señalar su improbabilidad, mostrando la estratificación d e g rupos perdedores y ganadores de la digitalización y la robotización, junto a las dificultades para formar a los primeros para su inclusión digital. Por último, se defiende la importancia de hacer visible el oculto trabajo humano que sustenta los procesos automatizados de la producción digitalizada y la posibilidad de reforzar las cualificaciones y competencias del factor humano, su recualificación a través de una automatización ergonómica.
A review is made about the ‘state of the art’ of the debates on an alleged massive technological unemployment in the future as a consequence of the diffusion of digitization and robotization processes with the new technologies of the Industry 4.0. Four alternative but complementary approaches about the present new wave of automation are presented and discussed: replacing automation, technological pragmatism, augmentation, and heteromation. From a constructivist perspective on technology, some dominant arguments about the massive disappearance of future employment are critically questioned, pointing out its improbability, showing the stratification of losers and winners from digitization and robotization, highlighting the difficulties to train those first ones for their digital inclusion. Finally, it is defended the importance of making visible the hidden human work supporting automated processes of digitized production and also the possibility of reinforcing the qualifications and competencies of the human factor, its reskilling, through an ergonomic automation.
A review is made about the ‘state of the art’ of the debates on an alleged massive technological unemployment in the future as a consequence of the diffusion of digitization and robotization processes with the new technologies of the Industry 4.0. Four alternative but complementary approaches about the present new wave of automation are presented and discussed: replacing automation, technological pragmatism, augmentation, and heteromation. From a constructivist perspective on technology, some dominant arguments about the massive disappearance of future employment are critically questioned, pointing out its improbability, showing the stratification of losers and winners from digitization and robotization, highlighting the difficulties to train those first ones for their digital inclusion. Finally, it is defended the importance of making visible the hidden human work supporting automated processes of digitized production and also the possibility of reinforcing the qualifications and competencies of the human factor, its reskilling, through an ergonomic automation.