Análisis de cambios en los usos del suelo mediante teledetección en el Parque Nacional Dilijan, Armenia
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2023
Defense date
14/06/2023
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Las Tecnologías de la Información Geográfica (TIG) son fundamentales para estudios medioambientales. En Armenia, la deforestación y los cambios de usos del suelo han sido un problema presente desde su independencia de la Unión Soviética. Sin embargo, se han aplicado normas para frenar dichos problemas. Para analizar los cambios de usos de suelo en el Parque Nacional Dilijan de Armenia y sus alrededores se ha recurrido a la aplicación de teledetección óptica y radar, al igual que los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). Se han seleccionado dos imágenes: una de junio de 1991 de Landsat 5, y otra de junio de 2021 de Sentinel 2, para estudiar la evolución de los usos del suelo. Para analizar estas imágenes separadas en 30 años, se han aplicado técnicas específicas como la combinación de bandas, mejoras espectrales, índices radiométricos (NDVI, SAVI, NDBI y Mineral Composite), análisis radar y cartografía temática. Los resultados muestran que ha habido forestación y aumento de densidad arbórea en la mayoría de la zona, aunque hay áreas en las que se ha producido una deforestación y degradación del suelo, mientras que en otras ha habido erosión. Esto indica que las leyes y la denominación de la Reserva Forestal de Dilijan como Parque Nacional sí funciona y produce efectos positivos para el medio natural. Por lo tanto, se recomienda aplicar más legislación protectora forestal en otras áreas naturales del país para poder lograr una mejora medioambiental en la República de Armenia.
Geographical Information Technologies (TIG) are essential for environmental studies. In Armenia, deforestation and changes in land use have been a present problem since its independence from the Soviet Union. However, regulations have been applied to resolve such problems. To analyse the changes in land use in the Dilijan National Park of Armenia and its surroundings, the application of optical and radar remote sensing has been used, as well as Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Two images have been selected: one from June 1991 from Landsat 5, and another from June 2021 from Sentinel 2, to study the evolution of land use. To analyse these images separated by 30 years, specific techniques have been applied such as band combination, spectral enhancements, radiometric indexes (NDVI, SAVI, NDBI and Mineral Composite), radar analysis and thematic cartography. The results show that there has been afforestation and increase in tree density in most of the area, although there are locations where deforestation and soil degradation have occurred, while in others there has been erosion. This indicates that the laws and the designation of the Dilijan Forest Reserve as a National Park does work and produces positive effects for the natural environment. Therefore, it is recommended to apply more forest protection legislation in other natural areas of the country to achieve environmental improvement in the Republic of Armenia.
Geographical Information Technologies (TIG) are essential for environmental studies. In Armenia, deforestation and changes in land use have been a present problem since its independence from the Soviet Union. However, regulations have been applied to resolve such problems. To analyse the changes in land use in the Dilijan National Park of Armenia and its surroundings, the application of optical and radar remote sensing has been used, as well as Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Two images have been selected: one from June 1991 from Landsat 5, and another from June 2021 from Sentinel 2, to study the evolution of land use. To analyse these images separated by 30 years, specific techniques have been applied such as band combination, spectral enhancements, radiometric indexes (NDVI, SAVI, NDBI and Mineral Composite), radar analysis and thematic cartography. The results show that there has been afforestation and increase in tree density in most of the area, although there are locations where deforestation and soil degradation have occurred, while in others there has been erosion. This indicates that the laws and the designation of the Dilijan Forest Reserve as a National Park does work and produces positive effects for the natural environment. Therefore, it is recommended to apply more forest protection legislation in other natural areas of the country to achieve environmental improvement in the Republic of Armenia.