Robot and automation. Which are the impacts on the productivity, jobs and inequality of the countries?

Abstract

First, analysing the evolution of robots in the world in order to draw initial conclusions regarding the behaviour of some countries, then verify if countries with a higher density of robots per worker are countries whose jobs have a lower risk of being replaced by automation and are more competitive. Jobs requiring physical and manual skills, and basic cognitive skills will be the first to be automated; while the most demanding jobs will require social, emotional and technological skills. All the countries analysed need more new jobs than the ones they are going to lose. Also, we have observed that higher levels of automation lead to a reduction in inequality in the medium term.