Los períodos de abundancia de préstamos extranjeros privados destinados al sector público de los países de América Latina, 1822-2013
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2017
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18/01/2016
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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La hipótesis central que animó la presente investigación es la siguiente: "Los periodos de abundancia de préstamos extranjeros privados, destinados al sector público de la mayoría de los países de América latina, han condicionado la política de los gobiernos de estos países en los diferentes periodos comprendidos entre 1822 y 2013". Se parte de un capítulo en donde se exponen conceptos básicos que reflejan los procesos que ocurren en el escenario mundial del sistema capitalista y que influyen decisivamente en la propensión a otorgar y recibir préstamos de la banca internacional. En el capítulo se examina el sistema tecno-económico y de hegemonía mundial existente, el papel primordial de la Gran Bretaña en el siglo XIX y el de los Estados Unidos en el XX y hasta el presente, ellos han constituido la parte principal del sistema bancario que ha otorgado préstamos a la región latinoamericana en los periodos antes indicados. Se detectaron cuatro periodos de concentración de préstamos que constituyeron el objeto de estudio: El primer periodo va de 1822 a 1827. El segundo, de 1870 a 1893. El tercero, de 1921 a 1932. El cuarto, de 1971 hasta el presente. Para el primer periodo los países receptores más importantes por orden de importancia fueron Gran Colombia, México y Brasil. Para el segundo periodo (1870-1893) tenemos que los principales receptores fueron Argentina, Brasil y Perú, no comprobándose la hipótesis en los casos de Venezuela y México. Para este último, dicha situación se debió a los fuertes problemas que dejó la intervención francesa y la moratoria del pago de la deuda, la renegociación final pudo darse tan sólo en 1888. Para el tercer periodo (1921-1932), con el recambio de principal prestatario de la Gran Bretaña a los Estados Unidos, los principales receptores fueron Brasil, Argentina y Chile. La hipótesis central no se comprobó nuevamente para México, debido a las consecuencias de la revolución mexicana y de la pugna alrededor del pago de impuestos por las empresas transnacionales extranjeras...
The central hypothesis that encouraged this research is: "The periods of abundance of private foreign loans to the public sector in most countries of Latin America, have conditioned the policy of the governments of these countries in different periods between 1822 and 2013". In the first chapter basic concepts that reflect the processes occurring in the global arena of the capitalist system and a decisive influence on the propensity to give and receive loans from international banks are exposed. The techno-economic system and existing global hegemony system is examined. the primary role of Britain in the nineteenth century, and the rol of the United States in the XX and at present, they have constituted the main part of the banking system which has granted loans to Latin America in the periods indicated above. Four periods of concentration of loans that were the subject of study were detected: The first period runs from 1822-1827. The second from 1870-1893. The third, from 1921-1932. The fourth, from 1971 to the present. For the first period the most important recipient countries in order of importance were Great Colombia, Mexico and Brazil. For the second period (1870-1893) we have the largest recipients countries were Argentina, Brazil and Peru, the hypotheses are not checked for the cases of Venezuela and Mexico. For the latter, this situation was due to the serious problems that left the French intervention and the moratorium on debt repayment, the final renegotiation could be only in 1888. For the third period (1921-1932), with the primary borrower replacement of Britain to the United States, the main recipients were Brazil, Argentina and Chile. The central hypothesis was not tested again for Mexico, due to the consequences of the Mexican revolution and the struggle for the payment of taxes from foreign corporations. For the fourth period, the main recipients were Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and Venezuela, leaving Cuba as an exception, due to the orientation of his socialist government...
The central hypothesis that encouraged this research is: "The periods of abundance of private foreign loans to the public sector in most countries of Latin America, have conditioned the policy of the governments of these countries in different periods between 1822 and 2013". In the first chapter basic concepts that reflect the processes occurring in the global arena of the capitalist system and a decisive influence on the propensity to give and receive loans from international banks are exposed. The techno-economic system and existing global hegemony system is examined. the primary role of Britain in the nineteenth century, and the rol of the United States in the XX and at present, they have constituted the main part of the banking system which has granted loans to Latin America in the periods indicated above. Four periods of concentration of loans that were the subject of study were detected: The first period runs from 1822-1827. The second from 1870-1893. The third, from 1921-1932. The fourth, from 1971 to the present. For the first period the most important recipient countries in order of importance were Great Colombia, Mexico and Brazil. For the second period (1870-1893) we have the largest recipients countries were Argentina, Brazil and Peru, the hypotheses are not checked for the cases of Venezuela and Mexico. For the latter, this situation was due to the serious problems that left the French intervention and the moratorium on debt repayment, the final renegotiation could be only in 1888. For the third period (1921-1932), with the primary borrower replacement of Britain to the United States, the main recipients were Brazil, Argentina and Chile. The central hypothesis was not tested again for Mexico, due to the consequences of the Mexican revolution and the struggle for the payment of taxes from foreign corporations. For the fourth period, the main recipients were Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and Venezuela, leaving Cuba as an exception, due to the orientation of his socialist government...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Departamento de Economía Aplicada I (Economía Internacional y Desarrollo), leída el 18/01/2016