Innovación y crecimiento económico: Aplicación de análisis factorial y modelos dinámicos de datos de panel
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2016
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Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales. Instituto de Análisis Industrial y Financiero
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Abstract
En este trabajo se analiza de forma cuantitativa el aporte de la innovación al crecimiento económico y el posible efecto de las distintas características de los Sistemas Nacionales de Innovación sobre las economías europeas. Se parte del marco conceptual neoclásico de crecimiento económico, revitalizado por Mankiw, Romer y Weil en 1992, y se complementa con las nuevas teorías del cambio tecnológico y la economía de la innovación, en especial, el aporte de la teoría de los Sistemas de Innovación. En el análisis empírico se aplica el estimador “Promedio de Grupos Agrupado” (PMG) para datos de panel dinámico a una muestra de 23 países europeos en el período 1995-2012, confirmándose la hipótesis acerca del impacto positivo de la innovación —medida a través de un Índice de Capacidad Innovadora Nacional— sobre la tasa de crecimiento económico de los países y demostrándose implícitamente, además, que las distintas configuraciones de los Sistemas Nacionales de Innovación tienen efectos diversos sobre las tasas de crecimiento económico para las economías europeas.
This paper analyses quantitatively the contribution of innovation to economic growth and the effect of the different configurations of National Innovation Systems, NIS, on European economies. It starts from the neoclassical framework of economic growth, revitalized by Mankiw, Romer and Weil in 1992 but supplemented with new theories of technological change and economy of innovation, in particular, the contribution of the Innovation Systems Theory. In the empirical estimation, it applies the estimator "Pooled Mean Group" (PMG) for dynamic panel data on a sample of 23 European countries in the period 1995-2012, confirming the hypothesis on the positive impact of innovation - measured by a National Innovation Index- on the rate of countries’ economic growth and, implicitly demonstrating that different configurations of NSI’s have different effects on rates of economic growth for European economies.
This paper analyses quantitatively the contribution of innovation to economic growth and the effect of the different configurations of National Innovation Systems, NIS, on European economies. It starts from the neoclassical framework of economic growth, revitalized by Mankiw, Romer and Weil in 1992 but supplemented with new theories of technological change and economy of innovation, in particular, the contribution of the Innovation Systems Theory. In the empirical estimation, it applies the estimator "Pooled Mean Group" (PMG) for dynamic panel data on a sample of 23 European countries in the period 1995-2012, confirming the hypothesis on the positive impact of innovation - measured by a National Innovation Index- on the rate of countries’ economic growth and, implicitly demonstrating that different configurations of NSI’s have different effects on rates of economic growth for European economies.