Caracterización histológica de los melanomas con mutaciones en el promotor de TERT
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2024
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08/03/2024
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Junto con las mutaciones en los genes BRAF y NRAS, las mutaciones en el promotor de TERT (pTERT) son las mutaciones somáticas más frecuentes en el melanoma maligno (MM). (1)Estas últimas han mostrado recientemente una relevancia importante ya que condicionan una mayor agresividad del MM, lo que se traduce en una peor supervivencia, sobre todo si se asocian a mutaciones en BRAF o NRAS. (2–5)Adicionalmente, ciertos hallazgos histológicos característicos del MM como son la ulceración, el índice mitótico o un mayor índice de Breslow, permiten predecir un peor pronóstico. Además, se ha descrito que los MM de rápido crecimiento, con un comportamiento más agresivo, muestran casi el doble de mutaciones en el pTERT que los de lento crecimiento. (6)Existen ciertos hallazgos histopatológicos en relación con mutaciones concretas como es en el caso de BRAF. Así, los MM con mutaciones en BRAF tienen un predominio de celularidad epitelioide con formación de nidos, pigmentación intensa y extensión pagetoide. Sin embargo, en el caso de NRAS, no se han hallado datos tan característicos. (7) Por último, se desconoce si los MM con mutación en el pTERT presentan de una forma similar a aquellos con mutación en BRAF rasgos histológicos característicos...
Along with mutations in the BRAF and NRAS genes, those in the promoter of the TERT gene(pTERT) are the most frequent somatic mutations in malignant melanoma (MM). (1)The latter have recently shown an important relevance since they condition a greater aggressivenessof the MM, which translates into worse survival, especially if they are associated with mutations inBRAF or NRAS. (2–5)Additionally, certain histological findings characteristic of MM, such as ulceration, the mitoticindex or a higher Breslow index, allow a worse prognosis to be predicted.Furthermore, it has been described that fast-growing MM, with a more aggressive behavior, showalmost twice as many mutations in pTERT than slow-growing ones.(6)There are histopathological findings in relation to specific mutations, such as in the case ofBRAF. Thus, MM with BRAF mutations have a predominance of epithelioid cellularity with nestformation, intense pigmentation, and pagetoid extension. However, in the case of NRAS, suchcharacteristic data have not been found. (7) Finally, it is unknown whether MM with a pTERTmutation present characteristic histological features like those with a BRAF mutation...
Along with mutations in the BRAF and NRAS genes, those in the promoter of the TERT gene(pTERT) are the most frequent somatic mutations in malignant melanoma (MM). (1)The latter have recently shown an important relevance since they condition a greater aggressivenessof the MM, which translates into worse survival, especially if they are associated with mutations inBRAF or NRAS. (2–5)Additionally, certain histological findings characteristic of MM, such as ulceration, the mitoticindex or a higher Breslow index, allow a worse prognosis to be predicted.Furthermore, it has been described that fast-growing MM, with a more aggressive behavior, showalmost twice as many mutations in pTERT than slow-growing ones.(6)There are histopathological findings in relation to specific mutations, such as in the case ofBRAF. Thus, MM with BRAF mutations have a predominance of epithelioid cellularity with nestformation, intense pigmentation, and pagetoid extension. However, in the case of NRAS, suchcharacteristic data have not been found. (7) Finally, it is unknown whether MM with a pTERTmutation present characteristic histological features like those with a BRAF mutation...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 08-03-2024