V-Shaped tröger oligothiophenes boost triplet formation by CT mediation and symmetry breaking

Abstract

A new family of molecules obtained by coupling Tröger’s base unit with dicyanovinylene-terminated oligothiophenes of different lengths has been synthesized and characterized by steady-state stationary and transient timeresolved spectroscopies. Quantum chemical calculations allow us to interpret and recognize the properties of the stationary excited states as well as the timedependent mechanisms of singlet-to-triplet coupling. The presence of the diazocine unit in Tröger’s base derivatives is key to efficiently producing singletto-triplet intersystem crossing mediated by the role of the nitrogen atoms and of the almost orthogonal disposition of the two thiophene arms. Spin−orbit coupling-mediated interstate intersystem crossing (ISC) is activated by a symmetry-breaking process in the first singlet excited state with partial charge transfer character. This mechanism is a characteristic of these molecular triads since the independent dicyanovinylene-oligothiophene branches do not display appreciable ISC. These results show how Tröger’s base coupling of organic chromophores can be used to improve the ISC efficiency and tune their photophysics.