A gender-comparative studies of informal entrepreneurship: the moderating role of location decision

Abstract

Motivations and access to resources for venturing differ between men and women. In developing countries, there has been an increase in businesses that do not have a specific location and persist in informality. This research aimed to evaluate, from a gender perspective, the moderating effect of the decision not to have a place in the relationship between human capital (education, experience, and type of entrepreneurship) and business informality. Using the National Household Survey 2014-2018, a sample of 50,313 Peruvian entrepreneurs was obtained —23,314 women and 27,002 men— who have been in business for over three years. The data were analysed with logistic regression. The results showed a moderating effect of entrepreneurship without a settled location on the relationship between education and informality in the case of women. And, for men, the moderating impact falls on the education, experience, and reason for venturing that influences the formality of their businesses. The problem of business informality of established companies with more than 42 months of operation is analysed. The moderating effect of the decision not to have a specific location on the relationship between human capital and informality is explored. This work extends business informality studies in Latin America developing countries, incorporating a gender perspective.