Estudio de la autofagia en el sistema nervioso central en modelos experimentales de enfermedades neuropsiquiátricas
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2023
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28/10/2022
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Las enfermedades neuropsiquiátricas son cada vez más prevalentes en la población mundial. Entre ellas, destacan el trastorno de depresión mayor y los trastornos relacionados con alteraciones ocurridas durante la etapa del neurodesarrollo, como son los trastornos de tipo psicótico (esquizofrenia) o el trastorno del espectro autista. El tratamiento actual para estas patologías combina un enfoque farmacológico con terapias de apoyo psicológico. Desafortunadamente, una proporción importante de los pacientes no responden bien al tratamiento convencional, basado en manipulaciones de la transmisión de serotonina, catecolaminas o glutamato, o este les produce unos efectos secundarios tales que terminan abandonándolo. En la búsqueda de rasgos etio- y fisiopatológicos de estos trastornos, además de los factores genéticos, entre las teorías que más interés están recibiendo se encuentra la hipótesis inflamatoria o de desregulación de la inmunidad, que plantea la existencia de un proceso inflamatorio generalizado a nivel central y sistémico, y la hipótesis neuroendocrina, que sitúa al estrés como un crucial desencadenante de estos trastornos.Dada la fisiopatología multifactorial de estas enfermedades, la mejora del tratamiento habitual debería contemplar el estudio de nuevas vías de señalización molecular que pudieran mejorar los tratamientos antidepresivos y antipsicóticos actuales...
Nowadays, the prevalence of neuropsychiatric diseases is widely increasing worldwide. Among them, major depressive disorder (MDD) and neurodevelopmental disorders (ND), such as psychosis (schizophrenia) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are some of the most frequent ones.The current treatment for these disorders usually combines pharmacological approaches and psychological therapies. Unfortunately, a considerable number of patients either do not properly respond to the average treatment, based on serotonin, catecholamines, or glutamate synaptic manipulation, or quit their prescriptions due to the overwhelming side effects.Among the different theories that try to explain the etiology and pathophysiology of these disorders, apart from the genetic factors, the inflammatory and neuroendocrine hypotheses are receiving great attention lately. The first one states that general inflammatory processes are widespread in neuropsychiatric disorders, both in the periphery and the central nervous system. The neuroendocrine hypothesis highlights the paramount role of stress as one of the main triggers for these diseases.Considering the multiple aspects involved in their pathophysiology, the improvement of their treatment should consider the study of new molecular signaling pathways that could ameliorate the effect of the current antidepressants and antipsychotics...
Nowadays, the prevalence of neuropsychiatric diseases is widely increasing worldwide. Among them, major depressive disorder (MDD) and neurodevelopmental disorders (ND), such as psychosis (schizophrenia) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are some of the most frequent ones.The current treatment for these disorders usually combines pharmacological approaches and psychological therapies. Unfortunately, a considerable number of patients either do not properly respond to the average treatment, based on serotonin, catecholamines, or glutamate synaptic manipulation, or quit their prescriptions due to the overwhelming side effects.Among the different theories that try to explain the etiology and pathophysiology of these disorders, apart from the genetic factors, the inflammatory and neuroendocrine hypotheses are receiving great attention lately. The first one states that general inflammatory processes are widespread in neuropsychiatric disorders, both in the periphery and the central nervous system. The neuroendocrine hypothesis highlights the paramount role of stress as one of the main triggers for these diseases.Considering the multiple aspects involved in their pathophysiology, the improvement of their treatment should consider the study of new molecular signaling pathways that could ameliorate the effect of the current antidepressants and antipsychotics...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 28-10-2022