Papel de Src quinasas en invasión y de mircoRNAs en resistencia a quimioterapia en células de melanoma
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2018
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06/06/2017
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El melanoma muestra una gran agresividad una vez iniciada la metástasis, y por ello es importante identificar los mecanismos implicados en la invasión de las células de melanoma. La migración celular estimulada por quimioquinas depende de la señalización mediada por proteínas G heterotriméricas. Las proteínas Gα12/13 han sido relacionadas con la regulación de la actividad de RhoA, la cual tiene un papel clave en la reorganización del citoesqueleto de actina y en la migración celular. Una de las moléculas que controlan la activación de RhoA es p190RhoGAP. Previamente se ha descrito que la estimulación de Gα13 en células de melanoma provoca la activación de p190RhoGAP y la posterior inhibición de RhoA, lo que causa un bloqueo de la invasión celular.Por otra parte, uno de los tratamientos contra el melanoma metastásico utilizadosactualmente se basa en la administración de inhibidores específicos frente a BRAF mutado(vemurafenib o dabrafenib). Este tratamiento ha mostrado una notable efectividad, pero genera resistencia en la mayoría de pacientes. Los mecanismos de resistencia descritos para estos inhibidores incluyen alteraciones genéticas, aunque estudios recientes apuntan a la coexistencia de resistencias que no se basan en dichas alteraciones. Por ello, dada la importancia de los miRNAs en los procesos oncogénicos y de supresión de tumores, se decidió analizar su potencial participación en la resistencia a vemurafenib de células de melanoma ...
Melanoma shows high aggressiveness once metastasis begins, and therefore it isimportant to identify mechanisms involved in melanoma cell invasion. Chemokinestimulatedcell migration depends on signalling mediated by heterotrimeric G proteins.Gα12/13 proteins have been linked to the regulation of RhoA activity, which plays a majorrole in actin cytoskeleton reorganization and cell migration. Among the molecules thatcontrol RhoA is p190RhoGAP. It has been previously described that Gα13 activation inmelanoma cells causes p190RhoGAP activation and subsequent inhibition of RhoA, whichleads to blockade of cell invasion.On the other hand, one of the currently used metastatic melanoma treatments isbased on specific inhibitors against mutant BRAF (vemurafenib or dabrafenib). Thistreatment has shown remarkable effectiveness, but invariably develops resistance in themajority of patients. Mechanisms of resistance described for these inhibitors include geneticalterations, although recent studies point out the coexistence of resistances that are not dueto these alterations. Consequently, and given the importance of miRNAs in oncogenic andtumor suppressor processes, we decided to determine their potential role in vemurafenibresistance of melanoma cells...
Melanoma shows high aggressiveness once metastasis begins, and therefore it isimportant to identify mechanisms involved in melanoma cell invasion. Chemokinestimulatedcell migration depends on signalling mediated by heterotrimeric G proteins.Gα12/13 proteins have been linked to the regulation of RhoA activity, which plays a majorrole in actin cytoskeleton reorganization and cell migration. Among the molecules thatcontrol RhoA is p190RhoGAP. It has been previously described that Gα13 activation inmelanoma cells causes p190RhoGAP activation and subsequent inhibition of RhoA, whichleads to blockade of cell invasion.On the other hand, one of the currently used metastatic melanoma treatments isbased on specific inhibitors against mutant BRAF (vemurafenib or dabrafenib). Thistreatment has shown remarkable effectiveness, but invariably develops resistance in themajority of patients. Mechanisms of resistance described for these inhibitors include geneticalterations, although recent studies point out the coexistence of resistances that are not dueto these alterations. Consequently, and given the importance of miRNAs in oncogenic andtumor suppressor processes, we decided to determine their potential role in vemurafenibresistance of melanoma cells...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, leída el 6-06-2017