Hexazinone and simazine dissipation in forestry field nurseries

Abstract

Hexazinone and simazine field dissipation was studied in two different soils from Spain (Toledo and Burgos), devoted to forest nurseries for Pinus nigra. Laboratory experiments (adsorption–desorption isotherms, leaching experiment and degradation study) were carried out to determine possible mechanisms of dissipation. Higher adsorption was observed for hexazinone in Toledo (KfT ¼ 0:69) compare to in Burgos soil (KfB ¼ 0:20) probably due to the higher organic matter (OM) content of Toledo soil. No differences in adsorption were obtained for simazine in both soils (KfT ¼ 1:27; KfB ¼ 1:34). In every case, adsorption was higher for simazine than for hexazinone, in both soils. The total recovery of hexazinone in the leachates from handpacked soil columns was higher in Burgos (100%) than in Toledo (80%), because of the larger adsorption of hexazinone in this last soil. No differences in simazine leaching between both soils were found, although the total amount of pesticide recovered in leachates (40% in the two soils) was lower for simazine than for hexazinone. Finally, lower degradation was found in Burgos (t1=2 ¼ 91 d) vs Toledo (t1=2 ¼ 47 d), directly related with the high OM content of Toledo. No half-life was calculated for simazine in Toledo because no changes in herbicide soil content were observed during the period of time studied. In the case of Burgos, the half-life for simazine was 50 days. The field residues study showed larger persistence of simazine than hexazinone mainly due to the higher adsorption and lower mobility of simazine in the two soils. The lower persistence of hexazinone in Toledo soil than in Burgos soil is related to the larger rainfall occurred in this soil besides the higher degradation of this herbicide observed in Toledo soil. The much lower temperature in Burgos than in Toledo soil during winter contribute to the higher persistence of the two herbicides in Burgos soil