Episodios de disminución de la saturación de oxígeno en recién nacidos en contacto piel con piel
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2023
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07/02/2023
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Abstract
El contacto piel con piel precoz (CPPP) tras el parto es actualmente el cuidado estándar en los recién nacidos a término sanos (RNTS) por los beneficios que aporta a la madre y al recién nacido. Coincidiendo con su implantación generalizada se ha observado un incremento en la comunicación de casos de colapso postnatal súbito inesperado (CPSI). Su etiología se desconoce. El CPSI se ha relacionado con el CPPP, el amamantamiento, la colocación del neonato en decúbito prono sobre el cuerpo materno, la primiparidad materna, el cansancio o adormilamiento maternos tras el parto, la ausencia de vigilancia adecuada de la diada madre-hijo por un acompañante o personal sanitario, la utilización materna de dispositivos electrónicos (teléfonos móviles, etc.) durante el CPPP o la toma al pecho, un índice de masa corporal materno (IMC) >25Kg/m2 y la administración de medicamentos sedantes a la madre. Las medidas aplicadas en las maternidades para prevenir el CPSI se han centrado especialmente en la vigilancia clínica. Tal vez, la colocación del recién nacido durante el CPPP en una postura más incorporada, modificando el ángulo de inclinación de la cama materna, podría ser una maniobra que mejorara la mecánica respiratoria y disminuyera el riesgo de obstrucción aérea y, por ende, los episodios de desaturación o de alteración de la frecuencia cardiaca (FC)durante dicho procedimiento. Por otro lado, la utilización de la pulsioximetría como método de monitorización continua durante el CPPP podría permitir detectar precozmente el CPSI. Sin embargo, su instauración sistemática como método de monitorización no es aceptada por la mayoría de los autores. La identificación del grupo de RNTS con mayor riesgo de presentar desaturaciones(saturación periférica de oxígeno [SpO2] <91%) o alteraciones en la FC (FC <111o >180 latidos por minuto [lpm]) mientras están en CPPP, mediante la valoración pronóstica de ciertos factores maternos y neonatales, permitiría definir de forma más precisa a aquellos neonatos que más se podrían beneficiar de la colocación de un pulsioxímetro...
Early skin-to-skin contact (ESSC) immediately after birth is currently the standard of care due to the benefits for both mother and infant. Along with the widespread application of ESSC, an increase in the number of reports regarding sudden unexpected postnatal collapse (SUPC) during ESSC has been observed. The etiology of SUPC remains unknown. The following factors have been associated with SUPC: ESSC; breastfeeding; newborn placed in a prone position over the mother’s bare chest; primiparous mothers; mothers who have used medications that cause drowsiness or sedation; tiredness and sleepiness after childbirth; absence of an appropriate surveillance of the mother-infant dyad by a companion or healthcare professionals; mothers with a body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2; and the mother being distracted by electronic devices (mobile phone, etc.). Measures currently implemented among different maternity wards to avoid episodes of SUPC have particularly focused in a close clinical surveillance. Perhaps, placing the newborn during ESSC in a more upright position, by changing mother’s bed angle of inclination, may reduce the risk of airway obstruction and improve respiratory mechanics, and consequently, reduce the number of episodes of peripheral oxygen desaturation or changes in heart rate during that procedure. Furthermore, the use of pulse oximetry as a method of continuous monitoring during ESSC would allow an early detection of SUPC. However, the systematic implementing of this monitoring method is not accepted by most authors. The identification of the group of healthy term newborns (HTNs) with a higher risk of desaturations (peripheral oxygen saturation [SpO2] <91%) or heart rate (HR) modifications (HR <111 beats per minute [bpm] or >180 bpm) while the mother and newborn are on ESSC, by the application of a prognostic assessment of particular maternal and neonatal factors, would allow for better identification of those newborns who could benefit from the use of a pulse oximeter...
Early skin-to-skin contact (ESSC) immediately after birth is currently the standard of care due to the benefits for both mother and infant. Along with the widespread application of ESSC, an increase in the number of reports regarding sudden unexpected postnatal collapse (SUPC) during ESSC has been observed. The etiology of SUPC remains unknown. The following factors have been associated with SUPC: ESSC; breastfeeding; newborn placed in a prone position over the mother’s bare chest; primiparous mothers; mothers who have used medications that cause drowsiness or sedation; tiredness and sleepiness after childbirth; absence of an appropriate surveillance of the mother-infant dyad by a companion or healthcare professionals; mothers with a body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2; and the mother being distracted by electronic devices (mobile phone, etc.). Measures currently implemented among different maternity wards to avoid episodes of SUPC have particularly focused in a close clinical surveillance. Perhaps, placing the newborn during ESSC in a more upright position, by changing mother’s bed angle of inclination, may reduce the risk of airway obstruction and improve respiratory mechanics, and consequently, reduce the number of episodes of peripheral oxygen desaturation or changes in heart rate during that procedure. Furthermore, the use of pulse oximetry as a method of continuous monitoring during ESSC would allow an early detection of SUPC. However, the systematic implementing of this monitoring method is not accepted by most authors. The identification of the group of healthy term newborns (HTNs) with a higher risk of desaturations (peripheral oxygen saturation [SpO2] <91%) or heart rate (HR) modifications (HR <111 beats per minute [bpm] or >180 bpm) while the mother and newborn are on ESSC, by the application of a prognostic assessment of particular maternal and neonatal factors, would allow for better identification of those newborns who could benefit from the use of a pulse oximeter...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 07/02/2023