Metafísica y literatura en Miguel de Unamuno
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2024
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23/06/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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La presente tesis con el título, 'Metafísica y literatura en Miguel de Unamuno', tiene el objetivo de analizar el problema de la inmortalidad personal según el punto de vista unamuniano en tres dimensiones, a saber, en la metafísica, en el ensayo filosófico y en la 'nivola'. Esta investigación tiene dos partes: 1. Los fundamentos metafísicos de la experiencia literaria: la búsqueda de la inmortalidad personal. 2. La experiencia literaria: ensayo y novela. En la primera parte se estudian tres temas principales, a saber, el ser humano a la búsqueda de la inmortalidad personal, fe y razón como pilares fundamentales de acceso a la inmortalidad personal y el Dios-Amor como garantía de la inmortalidad personal. Y en ella se concluye que Unamuno establece un nuevo sistema filosófico, generado por la reflexión del sentimiento trágico de la vida, que tiene al hombre de carne y hueso como objeto y sujeto. Se trata de un hombre concreto y no abstracto, que nace, vive, sufre y muere, sobre todo, muere. Y con sus dos principios, unidad y continuidad, el hombre completo y concreto lleva toda la vida persiguiendo su único propósito, esto es, ser y seguir siendo siempre. De hecho, la voluntad de no morir nunca que sirve para toda la humanidad es, en rigor, la esencia del hombre de carne y hueso, de ahí que el problema de la inmortalidad personal se convierta en el punto departida de la filosofía unamuniana. El caso es que tal anhelo de la eternidad individual no puede encontrar apoyo en el consuelo religioso (la fe) ni en la afirmación racional(la razón), puesto que la solución religiosa sólo satisface a nuestra voluntad y no a la razón que terminará llevando a sus creyentes al escepticismo absoluto, ya que la solución racional sólo favorece a nuestro saber y no al sentimiento, por lo que acabará convirtiéndose en la 'di-solución' de nuestra ansia de inmortalidad personal...
The present thesis, entitled as 'Metaphysics and Literature in Miguel de Unamuno', aims to analyze the problem of personal immortality from Unamuno's point of view in three dimensions, namely, metaphysics, the philosophical essay and the 'nivola'. The research has two parts: 1. The metaphysical principles of the literary experience: the search for personal immortality. 2. The literary experience: the essay and the novel.In the first part, three central ideas are studied, that is, the human being in search of personal immortality, faith and reason as fundamental pillars of access to personal immortality and God-Love as a guarantee of personal immortality. It concludes that Unamuno establishes a new philosophical system, generated by the reflection of the tragic feeling of life, which has the man of flesh and blood as its object and subject.This is not an abstract but a concrete man, who is born, lives, suffers and dies, specially dies. And with his two principles, unity and continuity, the complete and concrete man spends his whole life pursuing his one and only purpose, namely, to be and to continue being always. In fact, the will to be alive always and to never die is the essence of flesh and blood man, therefore, the problem of personal immortality becomes the starting point of Unamunian philosophy. However, such longing for individual eternity can neither find support in religious consolation (faith) nor inrational affirmation (reason), since the religious solution, on one side, only satisfies our will but not our reason that will end up leading its believers to absolute scepticism, and the rational solution, on the other side, only favours our cognition but not our volition which will end up becoming the 'di-solution' of our desire for personal immortality...
The present thesis, entitled as 'Metaphysics and Literature in Miguel de Unamuno', aims to analyze the problem of personal immortality from Unamuno's point of view in three dimensions, namely, metaphysics, the philosophical essay and the 'nivola'. The research has two parts: 1. The metaphysical principles of the literary experience: the search for personal immortality. 2. The literary experience: the essay and the novel.In the first part, three central ideas are studied, that is, the human being in search of personal immortality, faith and reason as fundamental pillars of access to personal immortality and God-Love as a guarantee of personal immortality. It concludes that Unamuno establishes a new philosophical system, generated by the reflection of the tragic feeling of life, which has the man of flesh and blood as its object and subject.This is not an abstract but a concrete man, who is born, lives, suffers and dies, specially dies. And with his two principles, unity and continuity, the complete and concrete man spends his whole life pursuing his one and only purpose, namely, to be and to continue being always. In fact, the will to be alive always and to never die is the essence of flesh and blood man, therefore, the problem of personal immortality becomes the starting point of Unamunian philosophy. However, such longing for individual eternity can neither find support in religious consolation (faith) nor inrational affirmation (reason), since the religious solution, on one side, only satisfies our will but not our reason that will end up leading its believers to absolute scepticism, and the rational solution, on the other side, only favours our cognition but not our volition which will end up becoming the 'di-solution' of our desire for personal immortality...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía, leída el 23-06-2023