Efectos de la administración intraoperatoria de esmolol sobre la respuesta inflamatoria perioperatoria en un modelo experimental de cirugía de resección pulmonar
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2024
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30/06/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Durante la cirugía de resección pulmonar se produce una respuesta fisiológica inflamatoria debido por un lado a la agresión quirúrgica y por otro al daño pulmonar que se puede producir durante la ventilación unipulmonar. Esta inflamación es crucial, ya que existe una importante relación entre la intensidad de la respuesta inflamatoria durante la cirugía y la frecuencia y gravedad de las complicaciones postoperatorias. La activación del sistema nervioso simpático perioperatoria tiene la capacidad de alterarla respuesta inflamatoria intra y postoperatoria. La activación de los receptores betaadrenérgicos aumenta la expresión de mediadores pro y antiinflamatorios, y el bloqueo de dichos receptores puede atenuar esta respuesta. Las citoquinas producidas en el daño pulmonar agudo tienen un papel fundamental en el inicio y la propagación de la respuesta inflamatoria, produciendo una respuesta inflamatoria sistémica, apoptosis y daño al glicocálix. El Esmolol es un fármaco que bloquea selectivamente los receptores β-1 adrenérgicos. Se ha demostrado que disminuye el daño de isquemia-reperfusión, el estrés oxidativo y la expresión de citoquinas proinflamatorias. Además, diferentes investigaciones han comprobado su potencial como protector endotelial. Todos estos efectos, no relacionados con su capacidad para modular la respuesta hemodinámica, podrían ser útiles para atenuar la respuesta inflamatoria en la cirugía de resección pulmonar con periodos de ventilación unipulmonar, donde intervienen los mecanismos antes citados...
A physiological inflammatory response is produced during lung resection surgery, partly due to surgical aggression and partly due to pulmonary injury produced during one lung ventilation. This inflammation is crucial, considering the notable relationship between the intensity of the inflammatory response during surgery and postoperative complication frequency and severity. Perioperative activation of the sympathetic nervous system has the capacity to alter intra and postoperative inflammatory response. Activation of beta-adrenergic receptors increases the expression of pro and anti-inflammatory mediators and blocking these receptors can attenuate this response. Cytokines produced during acute pulmonary damage play a fundamental role in the initiation and propagation of the inflammatory response, producing a systemic inflammatory response, apoptosis and damaging the glycocalyx. Esmolol is a drug that selectively blocks β-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been proven to diminish ischemia-reperfusion damage, oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Additionally, different investigations have proven its potential as an endothelial protector. These effects, unrelated with its capacity to modulate hemodynamic response, could be useful in attenuating the inflammatory response in lung resection surgery with periods of one lung ventilation, where the previously cited mechanisms intervene...
A physiological inflammatory response is produced during lung resection surgery, partly due to surgical aggression and partly due to pulmonary injury produced during one lung ventilation. This inflammation is crucial, considering the notable relationship between the intensity of the inflammatory response during surgery and postoperative complication frequency and severity. Perioperative activation of the sympathetic nervous system has the capacity to alter intra and postoperative inflammatory response. Activation of beta-adrenergic receptors increases the expression of pro and anti-inflammatory mediators and blocking these receptors can attenuate this response. Cytokines produced during acute pulmonary damage play a fundamental role in the initiation and propagation of the inflammatory response, producing a systemic inflammatory response, apoptosis and damaging the glycocalyx. Esmolol is a drug that selectively blocks β-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been proven to diminish ischemia-reperfusion damage, oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Additionally, different investigations have proven its potential as an endothelial protector. These effects, unrelated with its capacity to modulate hemodynamic response, could be useful in attenuating the inflammatory response in lung resection surgery with periods of one lung ventilation, where the previously cited mechanisms intervene...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 30-06-2023