Coste-efectividad de los inhibidores de la proteasa de primera generación en el tratamiento de hepatitis crónica C genotipo 1
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2017
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06/09/2016
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La infección por el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Se estima que la prevalencia global de infección por el VHC es 2-3%, que corresponde aproximadamente a 130-170 millones de portadores de VHC. La hepatitis crónica C (HCC) es una enfermedad progresiva que puede evolucionar a diferentes grados de fibrosis, hasta alcanzar la cirrosis. De los pacientes crónicos, el 20% desarrollan cirrosis hepática, de éstos, el 6% se descompensará, entre un 1-7% desarrollan hepatocarcinoma y entre un 3-6% fallecerá. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del tratamiento es prevenir las complicaciones de la HCC, ya que se ha demostrado que aquellos pacientes que alcanzan una respuesta viral sostenida (RVS) tienen un mejor pronóstico que los pacientes no tratados o los tratados sin éxito, disminuyendo la progresión a cirrosis y el desarrollo de hepatocarcinoma . A finales del año 2011, se comercializaron los primeros fármacos antivirales directos, boceprevir (BOC) y telaprevir (TVR), para el tratamiento de la HCC genotipo 1 que, en combinación con peginterferon (PEG-INF) y ribavirina (RIB), permiten alcanzar tasas de RVS de hasta un 70-80%. La introducción de la triple terapia ha supuesto un cambio esperanzador en el tratamiento de la HCC; sin embargo se asocia a un aumento de los efectos secundarios. En la práctica clínica habitual se ha priorizado el tratamiento a pacientes con grado de fibrosis hepática elevado (F3-F4) por lo que los resultados de eficacia y seguridad de los IPs obtenidos de los ensayos clínicos pueden no trasladarse a la población con HCC candidata a tratarse con estos fármacos...
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a world-wide public health problem. The overall prevalence of HCV infection is approximately 2-3%, accounting for 130- 170 million HCV carriers. Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) is a progressive disorder that can evolve through different levels of fibrosis to finally develop hepatic cirrhosis. 20% of chronic patients develop hepatic cirrhosis. Among these, a 6% will develop a decompensated cirrhosis, between a 1 and a 7% will develop hepatocellular carcinoma and between a 3 and 6% will die. Therefore, the main aim of the treatment is to prevent the development of these complications as it has been shown that those patients who achieve a sustained virological response (SVR) have a better prognostics and a lower risk of hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma than those patients who have not been treated or have been unsuccessfully treated. The first direct antiviral drugs, boceprevir (BCP) y telaprevir (TVR), were commercialized for the treatment of CHC at the end of 2011. These drugs allow to achieve SVR rates of 70-80% when used in combination with peginterferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirine (RIB). The introduction of this “triple therapy” has provided an encouraging change in the treatment of CHC although it has been associated with an increased incidence of side effects. Those patients with a high degree of fibrosis (F3-F4) have been prioritized to receive this treatment so IPs efficacy and safety results obtained from clinical trials may not be applied to the target CHC population for this treatment. On the other side, determining the economic impact of different therapeutic approaches and stablish which one is most efficient is critical in a situation in which economic resources are limited...
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a world-wide public health problem. The overall prevalence of HCV infection is approximately 2-3%, accounting for 130- 170 million HCV carriers. Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) is a progressive disorder that can evolve through different levels of fibrosis to finally develop hepatic cirrhosis. 20% of chronic patients develop hepatic cirrhosis. Among these, a 6% will develop a decompensated cirrhosis, between a 1 and a 7% will develop hepatocellular carcinoma and between a 3 and 6% will die. Therefore, the main aim of the treatment is to prevent the development of these complications as it has been shown that those patients who achieve a sustained virological response (SVR) have a better prognostics and a lower risk of hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma than those patients who have not been treated or have been unsuccessfully treated. The first direct antiviral drugs, boceprevir (BCP) y telaprevir (TVR), were commercialized for the treatment of CHC at the end of 2011. These drugs allow to achieve SVR rates of 70-80% when used in combination with peginterferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirine (RIB). The introduction of this “triple therapy” has provided an encouraging change in the treatment of CHC although it has been associated with an increased incidence of side effects. Those patients with a high degree of fibrosis (F3-F4) have been prioritized to receive this treatment so IPs efficacy and safety results obtained from clinical trials may not be applied to the target CHC population for this treatment. On the other side, determining the economic impact of different therapeutic approaches and stablish which one is most efficient is critical in a situation in which economic resources are limited...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, leída el 06/09/2016