Líquenes como bioindicadores de la calidad del aire
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2017
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Abstract
Los líquenes son organismos simbióticos que poseen las características de los buenos bioindicadores. Un bioindicador es un proceso biológico, especie o comunidad que se puede utilizar para evaluar la calidad del medio ambiente y su evolución con el paso del tiempo. Los diferentes métodos instrumentales utilizados habitualmente para determinar la calidad del aire aportan datos puntuales sobre los niveles de un número definido de sustancias contaminantes presentes en el mismo, pero no permiten conocer sus efectos sobre los ecosistemas. Desde los años 60, se han publicado numerosos trabajos científicos que, a través del estudio de la ecofisiología y biodiversidad de los líquenes, demuestran su sensibilidad a muchos de los contaminantes aéreos con niveles legislados para la protección de la salud: dióxido de azufre (SO2), óxidos de nitrógeno (NOx), ozono (O3) y metales pesados; así como a otros tipos de contaminación medioambiental. Este hecho los convierte en una herramienta útil y fiable para evaluar la contaminación aérea que complementa los métodos instrumentales.
Lichens are symbiotic organisms that have the features of good bioindicators. A bioindicator is a biological process, species or community which can be used to evaluate environment's quality, as well as its development in the course of time. The different instrumental methods usually used to determine air quality provide specific data for the levels of a defined number of polluting substances that can be found in air. However, they do not allow to know the effects of said substances on ecosystems. Many scientific studies have been published since the 60s which demonstrate, thanks to the study of lichens' ecophysiology and biodiversity, lichens' sensitivity to many of the air pollutants whose levels have been established in legislation for health protection: sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (O3) and heavy metals; as well as other types of environmental pollution. This fact makes lichens a useful and reliable tool to evaluate air pollution, together with instrumental methods.
Lichens are symbiotic organisms that have the features of good bioindicators. A bioindicator is a biological process, species or community which can be used to evaluate environment's quality, as well as its development in the course of time. The different instrumental methods usually used to determine air quality provide specific data for the levels of a defined number of polluting substances that can be found in air. However, they do not allow to know the effects of said substances on ecosystems. Many scientific studies have been published since the 60s which demonstrate, thanks to the study of lichens' ecophysiology and biodiversity, lichens' sensitivity to many of the air pollutants whose levels have been established in legislation for health protection: sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (O3) and heavy metals; as well as other types of environmental pollution. This fact makes lichens a useful and reliable tool to evaluate air pollution, together with instrumental methods.