Modulación de la vía de kinurenina en el tratamiento de la dependencia alcohólica : factores neuroquímicos y respuestas cognitivo-conductuales asociadas al abuso de etanol
Loading...
Download
Official URL
Full text at PDC
Publication date
2023
Defense date
19/01/2023
Advisors (or tutors)
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Citation
Abstract
El etanol es la droga más consumida en todo el mundo y constituye el principal ingrediente de las bebidas alcohólicas. Se ha establecido que al año se producen 3 millones de muertes en todo el mundo relacionadas con el consumo de etanol y, además, se ha asociado con hasta 200 enfermedades o patologías (OMS, 2018).El consumo abusivo y continuado de etanol produce dependencia, un trastorno crónico caracterizado por la compulsión en la búsqueda de la droga, la pérdida de control para limitar su uso y la aparición de un estado emocional negativo cuando no se consigue acceder a ella, lo que conduce a la recaída (Koob & Volkow, 2016). Durante este proceso, se producen una serie de cambios neuroadaptativos en los circuitos cerebrales y sistemas de neurotransmisores, que persisten en el tiempo y determinan la vulnerabilidad a la recaída (Koob & Volkow, 2016). Entre estos circuitos, destaca la vía dopaminérgica mesocorticolímbica, que desempeña un papel clave en el refuerzo positivo y la recompensa y, por tanto, en el desarrollo de la dependencia (Melichar et al., 2001; Wise, 2009). En los últimos años, se ha demostrado que las diferencias sexuales pueden desempeñar un papel diferencial en la respuesta y la sensibilidad al etanol (Flores-Bonilla & Richardson, 2019). Estos cambios en los circuitos cerebrales están asociados con diferentes alteraciones entre las que destacan la ansiedad, los trastornos del estado de ánimo como la depresión y los déficits cognitivos (McHugh & Weiss, 2019; Oslin & Cary, 2003)...
Ethanol is the most widely consumed drug in the world and is the main ingredient in alcoholic beverages. It has been established that every year there are 3 million deaths worldwide related to the consumption of ethanol and, in addition, it has been associated with up to 200 diseases or pathologies (OMS, 2018).The abusive and continuous consumption of ethanol causes dependence, a chronic disorder characterized by the compulsion to seek the drug, the loss of control to limit its use, and the appearance of a negative emotional state when it is not possible to access it (Koob & Volkow, 2016). During this process, a series of neuroadaptive changes occur in brain circuits and neurotransmitter systems, which persist over time and determine vulnerability to relapse (Koob & Volkow, 2016). Among these circuits, the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathway plays a key role in positive reinforcement and reward and, therefore, in the development of dependence (Melichar et al., 2001; Wise, 2009). In recent years, it has been shown that sex differences may play a differential role in ethanol response and sensitivity (Flores-Bonilla & Richardson, 2019). These changes in brain circuits are associated with different alterations, among which anxiety, depression, and cognitive deficits are common (McHugh & Weiss, 2019; Oslin & Cary, 2003)...
Ethanol is the most widely consumed drug in the world and is the main ingredient in alcoholic beverages. It has been established that every year there are 3 million deaths worldwide related to the consumption of ethanol and, in addition, it has been associated with up to 200 diseases or pathologies (OMS, 2018).The abusive and continuous consumption of ethanol causes dependence, a chronic disorder characterized by the compulsion to seek the drug, the loss of control to limit its use, and the appearance of a negative emotional state when it is not possible to access it (Koob & Volkow, 2016). During this process, a series of neuroadaptive changes occur in brain circuits and neurotransmitter systems, which persist over time and determine vulnerability to relapse (Koob & Volkow, 2016). Among these circuits, the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathway plays a key role in positive reinforcement and reward and, therefore, in the development of dependence (Melichar et al., 2001; Wise, 2009). In recent years, it has been shown that sex differences may play a differential role in ethanol response and sensitivity (Flores-Bonilla & Richardson, 2019). These changes in brain circuits are associated with different alterations, among which anxiety, depression, and cognitive deficits are common (McHugh & Weiss, 2019; Oslin & Cary, 2003)...
Description
Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 19-01-2023













