Nano y microtecnología aplicada al diseño de nuevas formulaciones para el tratamiento del glaucoma
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2024
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04/10/2023
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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El glaucoma es una enfermedad ocular crónica de etiología multifactorial que cursa con degeneración de la retina y el nervio óptico, originando de forma progresiva una pérdida de visión. El principal factor de riesgo modificable asociado a la enfermedad del glaucoma es el aumento de la presión intraocular (PIO), por lo que actualmente la administración de fármacos antiglaucomatosos por vía tópica es la principal línea de tratamiento.El mayor inconveniente del tratamiento tópico del glaucoma es la baja biodisponibilidad asociada a la administración tópica ocular, lo que conlleva una mayor frecuencia de administración, afectando al cumplimiento terapéutico y aumentando la aparición de efectos secundarios. Entre los efectos adversos de esta terapia destaca la relación entre la aplicación tópica de formulaciones de agentes hipotensores y la enfermedad del ojo seco (EOS), una patología con etiología inflamatoria de la superficie ocular producida por la desestabilización de la película lagrimal que produce elevadas molestias oculares, y cuyo tratamiento consiste principalmente en la aplicación de lágrimas artificiales en la superficie ocular con el fin de suplementar la película lagrimal y reducir los signos y síntomas. El desarrollo de la EOS en el glaucoma se ha relacionado con los principios activos antiglaucomatosos administrados y con la presencia de conservantes en las formulaciones tópicas de aplicación en la superficie ocular, lo que va a producir o empeorar el desarrollo de síntomas de la EOS, causando también una peor adherencia terapéutica por parte del paciente. Por este motivo ha cobrado importancia la necesidad de desarrollar formulaciones tópicas para el tratamiento del glaucoma que sean capaces de suplementar y proteger la superficie ocular. En este sentido resulta de gran interés el desarrollo de formulaciones de administración tópica que aporten componentes esenciales para restablecer la homeostasis de la película precorneal...
Glaucoma is a chronic eye disease of multifactorial etiology that causes degeneration of the retina and optic nerve, leading to progressive loss of vision. The main modifiable risk factor associated with glaucoma disease is the increase in intraocular pressure (IOP), so topical administration of antiglaucomatous drugs is currently the main line of treatment.The major drawback of topical glaucoma treatment is the low bioavailability associated with topical ocular administration, which leads to a higher frequency of administration, affecting therapeutic compliance and increasing the occurrence of side effects. Among the adverse effects of this therapy is the relationship between the topical application of hypotensive agent formulations and dry eye disease (DED), a pathology with inflammatory etiology of the ocular surface produced by the destabilization of the tear film that produces high ocular discomfort, and whose treatment consists mainly of the application of artificial tears on the ocular surface in order to supplement the tear film and reduce the signs and symptoms. The development of DED in glaucoma has been related to the antiglaucomatous active substances administered and the presence of preservatives in the topical formulations for application to the ocular surface, which will produce or worsen the development of DED symptoms, also causing poor therapeutic patient adherence. For this reason, the need to develop topical formulations for the treatment of glaucoma that are capable of supplementing and protecting the ocular surface has become increasingly important. In this sense, the development of topical formulations that provide essential components to restore the homeostasis of the precorneal film is of great interest...
Glaucoma is a chronic eye disease of multifactorial etiology that causes degeneration of the retina and optic nerve, leading to progressive loss of vision. The main modifiable risk factor associated with glaucoma disease is the increase in intraocular pressure (IOP), so topical administration of antiglaucomatous drugs is currently the main line of treatment.The major drawback of topical glaucoma treatment is the low bioavailability associated with topical ocular administration, which leads to a higher frequency of administration, affecting therapeutic compliance and increasing the occurrence of side effects. Among the adverse effects of this therapy is the relationship between the topical application of hypotensive agent formulations and dry eye disease (DED), a pathology with inflammatory etiology of the ocular surface produced by the destabilization of the tear film that produces high ocular discomfort, and whose treatment consists mainly of the application of artificial tears on the ocular surface in order to supplement the tear film and reduce the signs and symptoms. The development of DED in glaucoma has been related to the antiglaucomatous active substances administered and the presence of preservatives in the topical formulations for application to the ocular surface, which will produce or worsen the development of DED symptoms, also causing poor therapeutic patient adherence. For this reason, the need to develop topical formulations for the treatment of glaucoma that are capable of supplementing and protecting the ocular surface has become increasingly important. In this sense, the development of topical formulations that provide essential components to restore the homeostasis of the precorneal film is of great interest...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, leída el 04/10/2023