El tercer principio de justicia: la encriptación del poder y la desestabilización de la justicia como equidad
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2016
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01/02/2016
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El presente trabajo expone la urgencia de un tercer principio de justicia, el cual amplía y critica la concepción de la Justicia como Equidad de John Rawls. Desde la visión del célebre filósofo liberal, los principios y las ideales son eficientes para la formulación de una teoría normativa de la sociedad, la llamada “sociedad bien ordenada”. No obstante, conceptos como “posición original” y “velo de la ignorancia” de nada servirían ante la realidad de las injusticias sociales y que las instituciones que propenden por la justicia, las cuales son organizadas a partir del “consenso entrecruzado”, no logran un respaldo adecuado debido a un grave problema de diseño en la “estructura básica” de la sociead bien ordenada: la sociedad se desestabiliza por la acción de un inadvertido –por Rawls- “Segundo Velo de Ignorancia” (SVI). Además, la teoría rawlsiana de la Jusitica se basa en concepción de la racionalidad y la razonabilidad, pilares de la sociedad liberal y fundamento imprescindible para la realización de los Principios de Justicia. No obstante, éstas son inoperantes en la vida cotidiana, al ser los seres humanos sobredeterminados por las asimetrias del poder politico y económico, lo que empuja también la adopción de actitudes tales como la ambición, el miedo y el rencor. Estas características, llamadas por Rawls “psicologías especiales”, son incitadas también por la sensación de incertidumbre que viene ante nuestro desconocimiento de lo que sucederá en el futuro...
This article presents the urgency of a third principle of justice, which expands and criticises the conception of Justice as Fairness put forward by John Rawls. From the perspective of this famous liberal philosopher the principles and ideas are efficient for the formulation of a normative theory of society, the so called “well ordered society”. However, concepts such as “original position” and “the veil of ignorance” will be useless to the reality of social injustices and institutions that promote justice, which are organised from the “overlapping consensus”, do not achieve an adequate support due to a serious flaw in the design of the “basic structure” of the well ordered society: the society is destabilized by the action of an inadvertent –by Rawls- “Second Veil of Ignorance” (SVI). Furthermore, Rawlśs theory of justice is based on the conception of rationality and reasonableness, both pillars of liberal society and essential for the realization of the principles of justice. Nonetheless, these are not applicable to everyday life when humans are overdetermined by the asymmetry of political and economic power, which forces the adoption also of attitudes such as ambition, fear and resentment. These features named by Rawls “special psychologies”, are encouraged by the sense of uncertainty that comes before our ignorance of what will happen in the future...
This article presents the urgency of a third principle of justice, which expands and criticises the conception of Justice as Fairness put forward by John Rawls. From the perspective of this famous liberal philosopher the principles and ideas are efficient for the formulation of a normative theory of society, the so called “well ordered society”. However, concepts such as “original position” and “the veil of ignorance” will be useless to the reality of social injustices and institutions that promote justice, which are organised from the “overlapping consensus”, do not achieve an adequate support due to a serious flaw in the design of the “basic structure” of the well ordered society: the society is destabilized by the action of an inadvertent –by Rawls- “Second Veil of Ignorance” (SVI). Furthermore, Rawlśs theory of justice is based on the conception of rationality and reasonableness, both pillars of liberal society and essential for the realization of the principles of justice. Nonetheless, these are not applicable to everyday life when humans are overdetermined by the asymmetry of political and economic power, which forces the adoption also of attitudes such as ambition, fear and resentment. These features named by Rawls “special psychologies”, are encouraged by the sense of uncertainty that comes before our ignorance of what will happen in the future...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, Departamento de Ciencia Política y de la Administración III (Teorías y Formas Políticas y Geografía Humana), leída el 01-02-2016