Transgresiones discursivas y cultura de la seguridad: los pánicos político-morales en la esfera pública española
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2020
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Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
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Pecourt Gracia, J., & Resina de la Fuente, J. F. (2020). Transgresiones discursivas y cultura de la seguridad: los pánicos político-morales en la esfera pública española. Papers. Revista De Sociologia, 106(1), 5–30. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/papers.2795
Abstract
En los últimos años se han producido diversas controversias en la esfera pública española a partir de mensajes humorísticos o críticos que cuestionaban la sacralidad de determinados símbolos identitarios y nacionales. Entre otros, pueden citarse las polémicas generadas por el escritor Guillermo Zapata, la tuitera Cassandra Vera y el rapero Valtònyc. Siguiendo el marco analítico de los pánicos morales elaborado por Stanley Cohen en los años setenta, y actualizado posteriormente, analizamos la construcción mediática de estos «demonios populares», así como el posicionamiento de los diferentes actores implicados. Para ello, identificamos tres momentos en la construcción de estos pánicos: cultivo, operación y disipación. Y observamos su mutación a lo largo del tiempo, desde un comienzo donde es difícil diferenciar entre pánico moral y escándalo político hasta una etapa de madurez en la que pueden distinguirse claramente ambos fenómenos. Nuestro planteamiento es que estos pánicos morales son un elemento distintivo dentro de las controversias políticas generadas en la esfera pública, que reflejan además una cultura de la seguridad específica en España, sobre todo tras la aprobación de la Ley de Seguridad Ciudadana y la reforma del Código Penal en 2015.
In recent years, various controversies have arisen in the Spanish public sphere stemming from humorous or critical messages that questioned the sacredness of certain identity and national symbols. Among others, the controversies sparked by the writer Guillermo Zapata, the tweeter Cassandra Vera and the rapper Valtònyc are notable. Following the analytical framework of moral panics developed by Stanley Cohen in the 1970s, and later updated, we analyze the media construction of these “popular demons,” as well as the positioning of the different actors involved. To this end, we identify three moments in the construction of these panics: cultivation, operation and dissipation. We observe their mutation over time, from a beginning where it is difficult to differentiate between moral panic and political scandal to a stage of maturity in which both phenomena can be clearly distinguished. Our approach is that these moral panics are a distinctive element within the political controversies arising in the public sphere, which also reflect a specific security culture in Spain, especially after the passage of the Citizen Security Law and the reform of the Code Criminal in 2015.
In recent years, various controversies have arisen in the Spanish public sphere stemming from humorous or critical messages that questioned the sacredness of certain identity and national symbols. Among others, the controversies sparked by the writer Guillermo Zapata, the tweeter Cassandra Vera and the rapper Valtònyc are notable. Following the analytical framework of moral panics developed by Stanley Cohen in the 1970s, and later updated, we analyze the media construction of these “popular demons,” as well as the positioning of the different actors involved. To this end, we identify three moments in the construction of these panics: cultivation, operation and dissipation. We observe their mutation over time, from a beginning where it is difficult to differentiate between moral panic and political scandal to a stage of maturity in which both phenomena can be clearly distinguished. Our approach is that these moral panics are a distinctive element within the political controversies arising in the public sphere, which also reflect a specific security culture in Spain, especially after the passage of the Citizen Security Law and the reform of the Code Criminal in 2015.













