Curvas de crecimiento pre- y posnatales para la identificación de los recién nacidos de bajo peso con resultados neonatales adversos
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2023
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11/07/2022
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El crecimiento intrauterino restringido (CIR) es una condición patológica en la que el feto no alcanza su potencial de crecimiento. En cambio, el feto pequeño para la edad gestacional (PEG) es un feto constitucionalmente pequeño, sin que exista una noxa que justifique su menor tamaño. El porcentaje de PEG dependerá de las características de la población, pudiéndose situar entre el 7-10% en países desarrollados y superar el 30% en países en vías de desarrollo1. El CIR es una complicación menos frecuente, presente un 3-5% de todas las gestaciones. Se define como CIR en el período prenatal a la existencia de un peso fetal estimado (PFE) menor del percentil 3, o bien de un PFE menor del percentil 10, si además asocia alteraciones hemodinámicas en el estudio Doppler. Estas pueden consistir en un aumento de las resistencias placentarias al flujo de las arterias umbilicales (AU) o en un fenómeno de redistribución hemodinámica como consecuencia de una adaptación fetal a entornos adversos tales como los originados por la hipoxia, la malnutrición materna o la mal perfusión placentaria. La identificación posnatal de CIR se realiza mediante la comprobación de un peso al nacimiento, obtenido en las primeras 24 horas de vida, menor del percentil 3...
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a condition in which fetuses do not reach their growth potential. However, small for gestational age fetuses (SGA) are constitutionally small, without a known event which justifies a smaller size. The percentage of SGA will depend on the characteristics of the population, being around 7-10% in developed countries and exceed 30% in developing countries1. FGR is a less frequent complication, present in 3-5% of all pregnancies.FGR is defined prenatally as an estimated fetal weight (EFW) below the 3rd percentile or as an EFW < 10th percentile plus any fetal-placental Doppler abnormality. These may consist of an increase in placental resistance to the flow of the umbilical arteries (UA) or a phenomenon of hemodynamic redistribution as a consequence of fetal adaptation to adverse environments such as those caused by hypoxia, maternal malnutrition or poor placental perfusion. Postnatal identification of FGR is performed by verifying a birth weight below the 3rd percentile, obtained in the first 24 hours of life.Prenatally, any fetus with a PFE between the 3rd and 9th percentiles without hemodynamic alterations in the Doppler study is classified as SGA. Postnatally, any newborn with a birth weight between these same percentiles is also considered as SGA, regardless of the fetal Doppler...
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a condition in which fetuses do not reach their growth potential. However, small for gestational age fetuses (SGA) are constitutionally small, without a known event which justifies a smaller size. The percentage of SGA will depend on the characteristics of the population, being around 7-10% in developed countries and exceed 30% in developing countries1. FGR is a less frequent complication, present in 3-5% of all pregnancies.FGR is defined prenatally as an estimated fetal weight (EFW) below the 3rd percentile or as an EFW < 10th percentile plus any fetal-placental Doppler abnormality. These may consist of an increase in placental resistance to the flow of the umbilical arteries (UA) or a phenomenon of hemodynamic redistribution as a consequence of fetal adaptation to adverse environments such as those caused by hypoxia, maternal malnutrition or poor placental perfusion. Postnatal identification of FGR is performed by verifying a birth weight below the 3rd percentile, obtained in the first 24 hours of life.Prenatally, any fetus with a PFE between the 3rd and 9th percentiles without hemodynamic alterations in the Doppler study is classified as SGA. Postnatally, any newborn with a birth weight between these same percentiles is also considered as SGA, regardless of the fetal Doppler...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 11-07-2022