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La Administración y el profesorado: prácticas educativas basadas en la evidencia

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2021

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Ministerio de Educación Cultura y Deporte
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Pattier Bocos, D., & Olmos Rueda, P. (2021). La administración y el profesorado: prácticas educativas basadas en la evidencia. Revista de educación, 392, 35-62. https://doi.org/10.4438/1988-592X-RE-2021-392-478

Abstract

En la implementación, por parte de los docentes, de prácticas educativas basadas en la evidencia, la Administración y los organismos nacionales e internacionales educativos tienen un papel fundamental como generadores de políticas educativas, normativas, informes y procedimientos de financiación e incentivos. Teniendo en cuenta esto, nuestra investigación pretende estudiar si este tipo de instituciones son verdaderos referentes para el profesorado en cuanto a la implementación de prácticas educativas basadas en la evidencia, y conseguir ofrecerle orientaciones básicas para que mejore la cantidad y calidad de estas prácticas. Para ello, se desarrolla un estudio cuantitativo a través de un cuestionario realizado a 462 docentes de España (Barcelona y Comunidad de Madrid) de las etapas de Educación Infantil y Primaria. Los resultados muestran que la administración pública y los organismos nacionales e internacionales educativos no son referentes para el profesorado a la hora de implementar prácticas basadas en la evidencia y no son fuentes de información que consideren relevantes. Identificamos, además, los factores de edad y titularidad del centro educativo como variables significativas en cuanto a la relevancia de estos agentes. Concluimos que estas instituciones deben modificar sus procedimientos para atender a la realidad concreta del profesorado y mejorar así su impacto y nivel de referencia para promover prácticas educativas basadas en la evidencia en las escuelas. Por ello, planteamos algunas orientaciones básicas, fundamentadas en las respuestas de los docentes de nuestra muestra, que pueden servir, tanto para la Administración como para las organizaciones nacionales o internacionales de ámbito educativo, de guía de mejora. Entre ellas, destaca la necesidad de que los informes y la comunicación, por parte de estos agentes con el profesorado, ofrezca una contextualización adecuada, una presentación asequible de la información, o la utilización de ejemplos prácticos que favorezcan la implementación de estas prácticas.
In the implementation, by teachers, of evidence-based educational practices, the Administration and national and international educational organizations have a fundamental role as generators of educational policies, regulations, reports and procedures for financing and incentives. Considering this, our research aims to study whether these types of institutions are true benchmarks for teachers in terms of the implementation of evidence-based educational practices, and to offer basic guidelines for improving the quantity and quality of these practices by teachers. For this, a quantitative study is developed through a questionnaire carried out to 462 teachers in Spain (Barcelona and Community of Madrid) in the Kindergarden and Elementary School stages. The results show that public administration and national and international organizations are not references for teachers when implementing evidence-based practices and are not sources of information that they consider relevant. We also identify the age and ownership factor of the educational center as significant variables regarding the relevance of these agents. We conclude that these institutions should modify their procedures to meet the concrete reality of teachers and improve their impact and reference level to promote evidence-based educational practices in schools. For this reason, we propose some basic guidelines, based on the responses of the teachers in our sample, which can serve, both for the Administration and for national or international organizations in the educational field, as a guide for improvement. Among them, it highlights the need for reports and communication by these agents with teachers to offer adequate contextualization, an affordable presentation of information, or the use of practical examples that favor the implementation of these practices.

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